Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe primary aim of pay transparency measures is to make pay systems less opaque and to reduce the gender pay gap. To investigate the behavioural implications of pay transparency measures, we ran an incentivized online experiment focused on the effects on employees' performance, provision of extra effort and actions to correct pay disparities. We found that overall pay transparency does not disrupt employees' performance. However, by revealing relative wages, it does interfere with the provision of effort and extra effort of employees with a below-average wage. Moreover, we found that pay transparency increased potentially justified requests to correct pay disparities while decreasing unjustified requests. Our evidence also shows that employee's effort and action against unfair pay are more sensitive to lower relative wage with respect to own gender, rather than the other gender. We discuss potential policy implications of these findings and argue that more research should be carried out to better understand the efficiency of transparency measures, with a particular focus on gender reference groups.

Abstract
Migration may cause, not only a brain drain, but also a 'civicness' drain, leading to a poverty trap. Using migration choices of southern Italian high-school students classified as civic if not cheating in a modified die-roll experiment, we uncover a key role of local civicness (average civicness in the class): a civicness drain is observed only at high and low local civicness. We rationalise this pattern with a model in which civic and uncivic types balance hope versus fear of migration outcomes, taking into account economic gains, risk preferences and their beliefs about being considered civic in the place of destination.