Suchergebnisse

The term 'local Islam' has been coined to describe local responses to the effects of globalisation in the Islamic world. All contributions to this volume present cases of 'local Islam' as well as discussing the term itself. But what all of this group of anthropologists and historians convey is a feeling of dissatisfaction with the very term. Their uneasiness relates to the conceptual problems arising from seeing Islam as either local or global. Rather, the authors argue in favour of a focus not on Islam but on the lives of Muslims, putting their lives into the context of complex historical.

This is the first comprehensive study of Hadendowa Beja pastoralism in Eastern Sudan. The various chapters deal with the effects of drought and of human activities on the natural environment; the effect on pastoral migration patterns, and socio-cultural changes. The authors argue that the recurrent pastoral disasters cannot be blamed only on the pastoralists, but must be related to wider economic and political contexts, in which the pastoralists are becoming increasingly marginalised. ; Contents: 1. The natural environment of the Red Sea Hills – Lessons in variability / Hassan Abd el Ati, Ole Reidar Vetaas, Leif Manger -- 2. Vegetation dynamics in the Red Sea Hills – Continuities and changes / Knut Krzywinski, Ole Reidar Vetaas, Leif Manger -- 3. Adaptive forms and processes among the Hadendowa – Coping with unpredictability / Sharif Harir -- 4. Beynd the locality – Urban centres, agricultural schemes, the states and NGOs/ Hassan Abd el Ati -- 5. Making ends meet – Some problems of viability in Hadedowa households / Leif Manger -- 6. The Hadendowa way of life – Survival of a cultural tradition / Leif Manger -- 7. The future of Red Sea Hills pastoralism – links and implications for planning / Leif Manger

"Hadhramis have migrated for centuries in large numbers, establishing a diaspora that extends around the Indian Ocean, Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf States. This migration has deeply affected the host countries as well as Hadhramaut itself. Yet the region has not been able to use its population size, capabilities or resources to wield significant political influence in successive Yemeni regimes. This book examines the people of the Hadhrami diaspora, who travelled as religious scholars, traders, labourers and soldiers, to understand their enduring influence and identity. In doing so, the book explores key aspects of their history, including the impact of Yemeni nationalist movements, the significance of land reforms, the importance of social and tribal origins and how the Hadhrami resisted European domination as a Muslim community. Although a distinctive part of geographical Yemen, Hadhramaut was not regarded as a Yemeni political entity until the twentieth century.This research asks if the recent turmoil in Yemen following the Arab Spring, the growth of Al-Qa'ida and ISIS, and war involving a coalition led by Saudi Arabia, will produce even greater instability in the region or perhaps lead to a united Yemen, a restored South Yemen or even to Hadhramaut as an independent state. Hadhramaut and its Diaspora also explores what role the diaspora can play in shaping the future of their homeland."

Die 18 Beiträge eines Workshops in Addis Abeba befassen sich mit den Bewohnern der Trockengebiete Ostafrikas in wirtschaftlicher, politischer und ökologischer Hinsicht und im Hinblick auf ihre soziale Organisation. Leben und Lebensbedingungen der Menschen haben sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark verändert. Die Ressourcen schonenden Wanderungsbewegungen sind eingeschränkt worden; in einigen Fällen hat dies stark zur Degradation des Bodens beigetragen. Die Autoren stellen fest, dass die Weidewirtschaft betreibenden Menschen gelernt haben, sich an die wiederkehrenden Dürren anzupassen, dabei eine lange Tradition indigener Techniken entwickelt haben und der Wandel in den Gemeinschaften nicht in erster Linie auf sich verändernde physische (Umwelt-)Bedingungen, sondern auf Interaktionen mit anderen Systemen (Politik, Nationalstaat) zurückzuführen ist. Der Trend in der Weidewirtschaft gehe von großen zu kleinen Tieren und von nomadischer Migration zu anderen Formen der Mobilität. (DÜI-Sbd)