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Energy transitions are reshaping global and national energy systems and appropriate decision-making strategies are needed to drive an effective change in response to pressing global issues. Governmental institutions, industry, academia, and civil society are all participating to this global change, playing different roles. Open energy models and associated data are essential to promote open science practices, and create an effective science-policy interaction. For example, they can foster multi-disciplinary research addressing the co-evolution of energy technologies and human behaviour more transparently and, more in general, they can improve the interaction of multiple linked models and data, by improving them with respect to the current state of the art. In this paper, we present an analysis of features of open energy models and data, highlighting essential information that can be shared among communities of researchers in the energy field to foster multidisciplinary research. This information inherently embodies different key concepts and perspectives in modelling that affect both simulation and optimization processes employed for energy systems planning, design and operation. Indeed, this shared knowledge is crucial to overcome critical technical issues (e.g. end-use energy efficiency improvements, energy conversion processes, energy infrastructures operation, etc.) that may inhibit successful energy transitions. Finally, ecosystems of interacting open data and models are key assets for the development of next generation energy services and technologies, based on innovative business models in which the problem of monitoring, verifying and tracking performance transparently (at multiple levels) will be fundamental.

The increased awareness on sustainability matters is contributing to the evolution of energy and environmental policies for the building sector at the EU level, oriented toward resource efficiency. There exist today several possible strategies to model building performance through the life cycle. The increase of available computational capacity and of data acquisition capability is opening new scenarios for practical applications, which can contribute to the reduction of the gap usually encountered between simulated and measured energy performance. This article aims to investigate an approach for probabilistic building performance simulation to be used across life cycle phases, employing reduced-order models for performance monitoring and energy management. The workflow proposed aims to establish a continuity among design and operation phases. Design phase simulation is generally subject to relevant temporal and economic constraints and a successful workflow should incorporate elements from current design practices but should also add new features, which have to be reasonably automated to reduce additional effort. Therefore, the workflow proposed is automated and tested for robustness using Monte Carlo technique. In the design phase, the approach can be used for identifying probabilistic performance bounds suitable for risk analysis in energy efficiency investments, employing cost-optimal or life cycle cost accounting methodologies. In the operation phase, it can be used for performance monitoring and energy management based on daily energy consumption analysis, similarly to other multivariate regression-based methods at the state of the art, addressing the problem of maintaining energy consumption and related costs constantly under control.

BIM is representing a shift in the traditional process of building delivery. Its adoption in US reached 71% in 2012 rising from 17% in 2007; moreover, Europe is going to adopt BIM for public contracting as promoted by the European Union Public Procurement Directive. Meanwhile, BIM is widely diffused in UK and Northern Europe, as it includes a more accurate documentation, less rework and shorter project timelines. The use of BIM to provide data for energy performance evaluation and sustainability assessment is defined Green BIM and pioneering design organizations are adopting this approach to enable integrated design, construction and maintenance towards Net Zero Energy buildings. Green BIM includes Building Energy Modelling dealing with project energy performance to identify options optimising building energy efficiency during the life cycle. By allowing revisions during the design phase, project teams can ensure that customers' green ambitions beyond regulation compliance can be realized, together with technical and economic requirements. Thus, BIM can provide information to support the calculation of a number of credit points to define goal levels of sustainability related to rating systems. The aim of the paper is to investigate the opportunity to include the "green dimension" in BIM considering the more diffused rating systems.

BIM is representing a shift in the traditional process of building delivery. Its adoption in US reached 71% in 2012 rising from 17% in 2007; moreover, Europe is going to adopt BIM for public contracting as promoted by the European Union Public Procurement Directive. Meanwhile, BIM is widely diffused in UK and Northern Europe, as it includes a more accurate documentation, less rework and shorter project timelines. The use of BIM to provide data for energy performance evaluation and sustainability assessment is defined Green BIM and pioneering design organizations are adopting this approach to enable integrated design, construction and maintenance towards Net Zero Energy buildings. Green BIM includes Building Energy Modelling dealing with project energy performance to identify options optimising building energy efficiency during the life cycle. By allowing revisions during the design phase, project teams can ensure that customers' green ambitions beyond regulation compliance can be realized, together with technical and economic requirements. Thus, BIM can provide information to support the calculation of a number of credit points to define goal levels of sustainability related to rating systems. The aim of the paper is to investigate the opportunity to include the "green dimension" in BIM considering the more diffused rating systems.