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Decomposition analysis is used in this paper not only to explain changes in industrial CO2 emissions, but also to comparatively evaluate the progress made in 14 EU countries in decoupling emissions from industrial growth. The analysis is performed for the period 1990-2003, by distinguishing two time intervals for assessing progress prior to and following the agreement on the Kyoto Protocol. The refined Laspeyres model is used to determine the impact of 5 explanatory factors: output, energy intensity, structure, fuel mix and utility mix. The obtained results are further elaborated in order to assess the real efforts undertaken in each country and their effectiveness in dissociating the economic and environmental dimensions of development. Moreover, a rescaling procedure is implemented in order to adjust efforts to the average progress in the EU and proceed to a fair comparative evaluation. It is found that most EU countries made a considerable but not always sufficient decoupling effort, while no significant acceleration is observed in the post-Kyoto period. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

This paper aims at identifying the factors that have influenced changes in the level of industrial CO2 emissions. By means of an algebraic decomposition method the observed changes are analyzed into four different factors: output level, energy intensity, fuel mix and structural change. The application study refers to the industrial sector of European Union countries. The results show that CO2 emissions are possible to decrease without negatively affecting economic growth. In this sense, they confirm the decoupling of economic growth from energy consumption realized in the developed countries and prove that this detachment holds true also for the atmospheric emissions associated with energy use. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: Q40.

This paper aims at identifying the factors that have influenced changes in the level of industrial CO2 emissions. By means of an algebraic decomposition method the observed changes are analyzed into four different factors: output level, energy intensity, fuel mix and structural change. The application study refers to the industrial sector of European Union countries. The results show that CO2