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Organisational longevity paves the way towards phenomenal changes and creates linkages with strategy depending on the organisation. The primary aim of this research study is to identify the vital factors of organisational longevity and to determine the priorities attributed to those factors by companies in their formal documentation. The research has developed a model based on previous established models like the Mckinsey 7S Model, Weisbord's Six Box Model, the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model, Jay Galbraith's Star Model, Burke-Litwin Model of Organisational Performance and Change and Four Theoretical Frameworks of Bolman and Deal (on Leadership). Based on this model, the following factors have been identified; resources, organisational culture, organisational systems, innovative capability and strategy. Factors responsible for longevity have been tested among two groups of companies by first applying content analysis, followed by a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The longevity group consists of companies which were in the Dow Jones Index on Jun 1 1986 and are still present in the index. The fallen out group consists of companies which were in the Dow Jones Index on Jun 1 1986 but they subsequently fell out of the Dow Jones Index. QCA analysis uses truth tables to represent and analyse causal complexities and assess the differences in the existing data. The QCA analysis shows that the main drivers of longevity are "resources" and "innovation". This means that companies tend to sustain for long periods if its organisational resources are effectively managed and at the same time, an environment of innovative capabilities is created within the organisation. Further, the underlying conditions which support these main drivers are a combination of "strategy" and "culture". This means that one of the two factors, strategy and culture, may be present as a support for the main drivers. When there is prevalence of cultural environment, emphasis on strategy is not necessary and vice versa. Lastly, the absence of longevity in an organisation is explained when either the resources are not effectively managed, or "Innovative capabilities" are not duly enhanced as per the need.

The high mortality of companies has been a common trend especially following major economic events such as the 2008 global finance crisis. Many companies such as Lehman Brothers were seemingly performing companies until their abrupt collapse which left the business world shocked. Many organisations currently are strategizing towards sustainability and ultimately longevity. However, not many companies have managed to survive for at least a century and remain relevant in the current market. The study therefore focuses on creating a framework which illustrates the main factors that are an imperative for any company to survive for a long period of time. The framework includes; five main factors which are responsible for organisational longevity, i.e. Resources, Innovative Capability, Organisational Culture, Organisational systems and Strategy. Framework proposed can be applied within large scale business enterprises that have to bear the brunt in the wake of recession. Maintenance of all the factors promoted longevity among organisations.

PurposeThe current study highlights the dark side of a perfectionist leader hindering in business processes and also investigates its impact on procrastination through workplace incivility, psychological distress, and psychological detachment by using the tenet of conservation of resource theory. Positivism research philosophy was adopted, followed by a deductive approach.Design/methodology/approachThe survey technique was used to collect the quantitative data from the employees working in public sector organizations. 364 samples were collected and analyzed using SEM-Mplus techniques, where structured and measurement models were produced and interpreted accordingly.FindingsThe results suggested that perfectionist leaders become a source for their followers to involve in procrastination because of depletion of ego and psychological resources. The results supported the chain of mediation and both paths of perfectionist leaders, workplace incivility, psychological detachment, and procrastination and perfectionist leaders, workplace incivility, psychological distress, and procrastination.Originality/valueThe results and dynamics of the current study provided some meaningful managerial and theoretical implications and future research directions for the researchers. The study contributes significantly to the body of literature since it captures and analyzes the overlooked elements in the context of perfectionist leaders.

Inception of talk shows has revolutionized the information for all age viewers to political/ regional/ extra regional challenges (just a click away). Besides connecting the talk shows viewers to one TV channel, another objective of these Talk shows is to sell the particulars responsible and literary persons own views and comments regarding the on going and current hot issue or particular matter. Till now the concluded results of these Talk shows are more likely to maintain centric approach rather broad approach with regard to strengthen Social Capacity Building(SCB) in all field of life. Present study main focus is just to know that which type of issues are being discussed in these talk shows and which type of impact these talk shows have on the Pakistani people. its another focus is identify that if we found some sort of gaps which these talk shows are not fullfilling so either we can achieve those set goals and objectives or not to improve the objectives of these talk shows. if the Talk Shows planners revisit their ongoing strategies a social and cultural change can be brougt in these talk shows regarding these concerned i.e. political, education, health, law & orders, religious etc. following are the gaps which researcher have identified in these talk shows and those are: Limited information regarding the focused topic which is discussed during these talk shows on Pakistani TV channels. Talk shows mainly focus on the important issues and challenges, with respect to Historic and Future aspect of any situation are left over which are not discussed during the discussion due to biasness or tv channel polices so which creat a gap for idenifying the meaning full information. Due various controllable and controllable limitations; today talk shows are seem to maintain reactive response rather than Pro-active.

The purpose of this article is to formulate an internal controls framework for instituting effective internal controls for the Asian countries private sector companies and public sector organizations. This research formulates recommendations for company management and governmental organizations of Asian countries regarding effective internal controls. Latest trends formulated from modern industry's best practices, private sector companies and public sector organizations including U.S. DOD can be utilized by the Asian countries as a useful document to design a suitable internal controls for the company management and governmental organizations. The recommendations of this research may also assist the investors to assess the financial health of a company prior to undertaking investment decisions. Based on findings of this article a company can formulate a course of action for the company management to guarantee effective internal controls to prevent assets misappropriations, fraudulent financial statements reporting and general financial frauds. The internal controls assist the management of an organization through preventive and detective controls. The internal controls contribute in accurate financial statements preparations, conclusive and error free financial records, fraud detection, prevention of unlawful acts and misappropriations, successful and efficient business operations, and assets' conservations .

The change of Islamic government system was begun after the reign of al-Khulafâ' al-Râsyidûn was completely over. The government system ruled by al-Khulafâ' al-Râsyidûn democraticly was changed by the next successor of the reign to be monarchy. A caliph was not elected through democratic mechanism anymore, but was appointed by the previous caliph based on lineage. This era was very dynamic in Islamic political history. It was also having long moment and full of intrigues and polemics. The monarchy system ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate was also known by patrimonialism. It was the system of government which assigned a right to the caliph for claiming a state as his ownership and it could be inherited for his relatives, while his people were just considered as his subordinate who need his support and protection. According to this theory, the caliph authority was absolute and could not be interfered by others including constitutional law. The government system of the Abbasid Caliphate was not different from the Umayyad Caliphate. Both were rather similar, but the Abbasid Caliphate had some aspects as its identity. Another example of the government system could be found in Turkey. The Islamic government in there was represented by the Ottoman Empire for hundred years. The dynamics of Islamic politics is always influenced by some interactions of each regime or government, what makes a transition of power and politics so dynamic. Therefore, this article tries to describe how dynamic the governmet system of Islam in its history is.

The Islamic Culture's sociology engulfs all socio mores of human way of living. The criterion and nature of this society is to regulate the individual's conduct both in person and with other human beings, basing on his Creator's moral fiber for ultimate success. This edict of living is marvelous which distinguishes itself from manmade experiences and evolution in its application. This is divinely ordained, tangible and everlasting for all related situations. It standardizes all living obligations of human life like faith, rituals, education, matrimonial, legal, social, political, economics and behavioral ethics. It provides guidance for every obligation of life including all societal issues of peace and war times, national/international. The main sources of guidance are the 'Quran and Sunnah' with two supplementary sources: Ijmaa and Qiyas: (Drawing analogy from the essence of divine principles and preceding by the jurists/learned people for all religious and socio living). These rulings open the doors of cosmopolitan culture for peace and progress. This sociology provides solution for all new issues of life on earth with respect to other religion's values. The example is "The truce of Madina by the Prophet of Islam (saw)" in 634 AD. The Islamic way is of tolerance and peace, it presents a moral, spiritual human civilization force which made and is making positive contribution for the development of human living. The present adversary of other cultures/ religions' followers against Muslims and Islamic culture is addressed in this paper.

Historically, geographically and politically, the former princely state of Bahawalpur has remained a unique administrative unit for about 227 years in the Indian Sub- Continent. It had not been only a vital part of the Sub-Continent as a prosperous and welfare state, but it also possessed a separate glorious history. At the time of partition of the Sub-Continent in 1947, it was enjoying the status of a sovereign State. It affiliated with the new born country of Pakistan in October, 1947. In 1951, it was given provincial autonomy and in 1955, when One-Unit came into existence, the State with its provincial autonomy was merged and dissolved into West Pakistan. In the 20th century the impact of political movements had been tremendous and this factor also influenced Bahawalpur State and the semi-political parties interacted politically with the local public. When the resolution of Pakistan was passed in Lahore on 23 March, 1940, the rising awareness of independence was quite evident among the Muslims of the Sub-Continent. This excitement and passion, with the passage of time, was converted into an overflow of freedom. The ideology of Pakistan was materialized at a terrific speed and within a short span of time through the untiring efforts of the students, who had graduated from Muslim University Aligarh or who incidentally sought their education from Lahore. Meanwhile a new leadership took over the reigns of the state in its hands. These semi-political parties were representing the Muslim League. The youth came forward through the platform of Muslim League to proceed further, but Muslim League had to face serious problems in Bahawalpur state to carry out its political activities. Some nationalist elements and powerful political leaders of that time tried to hamper the progress of Muslim League. They did not allow the re-organization of Muslim League and opposed the affiliation of Bahawalpur State with Pakistan. So, we can see how the Muslim League's leaders managed all such issues. The solution of these issues has ...