Why woman run? Motivations for running in a half-marathon among female local runners and sport tourists ; ¿Por qué corren las mujeres? Motivaciones para correr una media maratón entre corredoras locales do sexo feminino y turistas desportistas ; Por que as mulheres correm? Motivações para correr uma...
The purpose of the study was to examine the motivations to participate in a half-marathon among women – local runners and sport-tourists – and also to evaluate the differences between these two groups of respondents. Most of the research concerns motivation to run among men. With the increase in the popularity of mass running events, the question what encourages women to engage in physical activity, especially outside their everyday place of residence, becomes very important now. The sample comprised 214 women that participated in the 6th Poznan Half Mara-thon in Poland. To evaluate the motivation to participate in the half-marathon event, a self-constructed questionnaire was used. Results indicated that local runners and sport-tourists have similar forms of motivation and similar meanings to the event participation with some significance differences. A socio-demographic profile of a half-marathon female participant was also examined. In general, the findings of the present study provide an understanding of motivation to participate in a half-marathon event in different women groups. Current research on the motivation of the running event participants was aimed at determining how meaningful some aspects are. These aspects were not only a willingness to stay fit, healthy, and slim, but also to build social relationships and look for the experiences and emotions that come with recreational sport. These results might be useful for sport managers and city government to analyze consumer behavior and utilize the results in the strategic planning, marketing and implementation of physical culture in connection with massive sport events organizations. References 1 Papanikos G. The economic effects of a marathon as a sport tourism event. Athens Journal of Sports. 2015; 1: 225. 2 Chappelet JL. Heritage sporting events and place marketing, In: Plevnik M, Ratar I, Pisot R. and Ovid A, editors. Sustainable development of sport tourism. Annales University Press; 2015. 3 Pinson J. Heritage sporting events: Theoretical development and configurations. Journal of Sport & Tourism. 2017; 21(2): 133-152. 4 Taks M. Governance in sport and the Olympic Movement: The future of mega-sport events. In: International Olympic Academy – 12th International Session for Educators of Higher Institutes of Physical Education. Ancient Olympia-Greece; 2017. 5 Report Physical Activity of Poles, 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.msit.gov.pl/pl/sport/badania-i-analizy/aktywnosc-fizyczna-spol/575,Aktywnosc-fizyczna-spoleczenstwa.html 6 Schulze G. Die Erlebniz-Gesellschaft. Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag; 1992. 7 Zduniak A. Event as a postmodern form of participating in social life. Roczniki Nauk Społecznych. 2010; 38(2): 207-234. 8 Zuckerman M. The sensation seeking motive. Prog Exp Pers Res. 1974; 7:79–148. 9 Gracz J, Walczak M, Tomczak M. Search for sensations as a trend in contemporary sports and recreation activities. Sport and recreation versus the challenges of modern civilization. University of Szczecin; 2011. 10 Stempien J. Running, sightseeing and the middleclass – a few sociological comments and observations on running tourism. In: Kazimierczak M. (ed.). Sports inspirations in cultural tourism. Poland: University of Physical Education in Poznan; 2016. 11 Crawford R. Healthism and the medicalization of everyday life. International Journal of Health Services. 1980; 10 (3):365-388. 12 Borowiec A, Lignowska I. Is the ideology of healthism a distinctive feature of the middle class in Poland? Culture and Society – Sport in Culture. 2012; 56(3): 95-111. 13 Gibson H, Attle S, Yiannakis A. Segmenting the active sport tourism market: A life-span perspective. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 1998; 4(1): 52-64. 14 Ross D. Developing sports tourism. National Laboratory for Tourism. Illinois: University of Illinois; 2001 15 Roberts C. Sport and adventure tourism. In: Robinson P, Heitmann S, Dicke P. Editors. Research Themes for Tourism. Oxfordshire-Cambridge, UK: CABI Publisher; 2011. 16 Ogles BM, Masters KS. A Typology of marathon runners based on cluster analysis on motivations. Journal of Sport Behaviour. 2003; 26:69-85. 17 Krouse R, Ransdell L, Lucas S, Pritchard M. Motivation, goal orientation, coaching and training habits of women ultrarunners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 25(10): 2835–2842. 18 Ogles BM, Masters KS. Obligatory running and gender: An analysis of participative motives and training habits. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1995; 26: 233-248. 19 Freyer W, Gross S. Tourismus und Sport-Events. Dresden, Germany: FIT Forschungsinstitut für Tourismus; 2002. ; El objetivo del estudio fue examinar las motivaciones para participar en una media maratón entre mujeres (corredoras locales y turistas deportivos) y también evaluar las diferencias entre estos dos grupos de encuestados. La mayor parte de la investigación se refiere a la motivación para correr entre hombres. Con la creciente popularidad de los eventos de carreras masivas, el tema que alienta a las mujeres a realizar actividades físicas especialmente fuera de su lugar de residencia, se vuelve muy importante. La muestra consistió en 214 mujeres que participaron en la sexta media maratón de Poznan en Polonia. Para evaluar la motivación para participar en el evento de media maratón, se utilizó un cuestionario autoconstruido. Los resultados indicaron que las corredoras locales y las deportistas turísticas tienen formas similares de motivación y significados similares para participar en el evento, con algunas diferencias significativas. También se examinó el perfil sociodemográfico de una media maratón femenina. En general, los resultados del presente estudio proporcionan una comprensión de la motivación para participar en un evento de media maratón en diferentes grupos de mujeres. La investigación actual sobre la motivación de los participantes del evento de carrera tuvo como objetivo determinar cuán significativos son algunos aspectos. Estos aspectos no solo fueron la disposición a mantenerse en forma, saludable y delgada, sino también a construir relaciones sociales y perseguir las experiencias y emociones que acompañan al deporte recreativo. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para los gerentes deportivos y el gobierno de la ciudad para analizar el comportamiento del consumidor y utilizar los resultados en la planificación estratégica, el marketing y la implementación de la cultura física en relación con las grandes organizaciones de eventos deportivos. Referencias 1 Papanikos G. The economic effects of a marathon as a sport tourism event. Athens Journal of Sports. 2015; 1: 225. 2 Chappelet JL. Heritage sporting events and place marketing, In: Plevnik M, Ratar I, Pisot R. and Ovid A, editors. Sustainable development of sport tourism. Annales University Press; 2015. 3 Pinson J. Heritage sporting events: Theoretical development and configurations. Journal of Sport & Tourism. 2017; 21(2): 133-152. 4 Taks M. Governance in sport and the Olympic Movement: The future of mega-sport events. In: International Olympic Academy – 12th International Session for Educators of Higher Institutes of Physical Education. Ancient Olympia-Greece; 2017. 5 Report Physical Activity of Poles, 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.msit.gov.pl/pl/sport/badania-i-analizy/aktywnosc-fizyczna-spol/575,Aktywnosc-fizyczna-spoleczenstwa.html 6 Schulze G. Die Erlebniz-Gesellschaft. Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag; 1992. 7 Zduniak A. Event as a postmodern form of participating in social life. Roczniki Nauk Społecznych. 2010; 38(2): 207-234. 8 Zuckerman M. The sensation seeking motive. Prog Exp Pers Res. 1974; 7:79–148. 9 Gracz J, Walczak M, Tomczak M. Search for sensations as a trend in contemporary sports and recreation activities. Sport and recreation versus the challenges of modern civilization. University of Szczecin; 2011. 10 Stempien J. Running, sightseeing and the middleclass – a few sociological comments and observations on running tourism. In: Kazimierczak M. (ed.). Sports inspirations in cultural tourism. Poland: University of Physical Education in Poznan; 2016. 11 Crawford R. Healthism and the medicalization of everyday life. International Journal of Health Services. 1980; 10 (3):365-388. 12 Borowiec A, Lignowska I. Is the ideology of healthism a distinctive feature of the middle class in Poland? Culture and Society – Sport in Culture. 2012; 56(3): 95-111. 13 Gibson H, Attle S, Yiannakis A. Segmenting the active sport tourism market: A life-span perspective. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 1998; 4(1): 52-64. 14 Ross D. Developing sports tourism. National Laboratory for Tourism. Illinois: University of Illinois; 2001 15 Roberts C. Sport and adventure tourism. In: Robinson P, Heitmann S, Dicke P. Editors. Research Themes for Tourism. Oxfordshire-Cambridge, UK: CABI Publisher; 2011. 16 Ogles BM, Masters KS. A Typology of marathon runners based on cluster analysis on motivations. Journal of Sport Behaviour. 2003; 26:69-85. 17 Krouse R, Ransdell L, Lucas S, Pritchard M. Motivation, goal orientation, coaching and training habits of women ultrarunners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 25(10): 2835–2842. 18 Ogles BM, Masters KS. Obligatory running and gender: An analysis of participative motives and training habits. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1995; 26: 233-248. 19 Freyer W, Gross S. Tourismus und Sport-Events. Dresden, Germany: FIT Forschungsinstitut für Tourismus; 2002. ; O objetivo do estudo foi examinar as motivações para participar de uma meia maratona entre mulheres - corredoras locais e turistas esportistas - e também para avaliar as diferenças entre esses dois grupos de entrevistados. A maior parte da pesquisa diz respeito à motivação para correr entre os homens. Com o aumento da popularidade dos eventos de corrida em massa, a questão que incentiva as mulheres a se envolverem em atividades físicas, especialmente fora de seu local de residência, torna-se muito importante. A amostra foi composta por 214 mulheres que participaram da 6ª Meia Maratona de Poznan na Polônia. Para avaliar a motivação para participar do evento de meia maratona, utilizou-se um questionário autoconstruído. Os resultados indicaram que as corredoras locais e as turistas esportistas têm formas semelhantes de motivação e significados semelhantes para a participação no evento, com algumas diferenças significativas. Também foi examinado o perfil sociodemográfico de uma meia maratona do sexo feminino. Em geral, os resultados do presente estudo fornecem uma compreensão da motivação para participar de um evento de meia maratona em diferentes grupos de mulheres. A pesquisa atual sobre a motivação dos participantes do evento de corrida teve como objetivo determinar quão alguns aspectos são significativos. Esses aspectos não foram apenas uma disposição para se manter em forma, saudável e magra, mas também para construir relacionamentos sociais e buscar as experiências e emoções que acompanham o esporte recreativo. Esses resultados podem ser úteis para os gestores esportivos e o governo da cidade para analisar o comportamento do consumidor e utilizar os resultados no planejamento estratégico, marketing e implementação da cultura física em conexão com grandes organizações de eventos esportivos. Referências 1 Papanikos G. The economic effects of a marathon as a sport tourism event. Athens Journal of Sports. 2015; 1: 225. 2 Chappelet JL. Heritage sporting events and place marketing, In: Plevnik M, Ratar I, Pisot R. and Ovid A, editors. Sustainable development of sport tourism. Annales University Press; 2015. 3 Pinson J. Heritage sporting events: Theoretical development and configurations. Journal of Sport & Tourism. 2017; 21(2): 133-152. 4 Taks M. Governance in sport and the Olympic Movement: The future of mega-sport events. In: International Olympic Academy – 12th International Session for Educators of Higher Institutes of Physical Education. Ancient Olympia-Greece; 2017. 5 Report Physical Activity of Poles, 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.msit.gov.pl/pl/sport/badania-i-analizy/aktywnosc-fizyczna-spol/575,Aktywnosc-fizyczna-spoleczenstwa.html 6 Schulze G. Die Erlebniz-Gesellschaft. Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag; 1992. 7 Zduniak A. Event as a postmodern form of participating in social life. Roczniki Nauk Społecznych. 2010; 38(2): 207-234. 8 Zuckerman M. The sensation seeking motive. Prog Exp Pers Res. 1974; 7:79–148. 9 Gracz J, Walczak M, Tomczak M. Search for sensations as a trend in contemporary sports and recreation activities. Sport and recreation versus the challenges of modern civilization. University of Szczecin; 2011. 10 Stempien J. Running, sightseeing and the middleclass – a few sociological comments and observations on running tourism. In: Kazimierczak M. (ed.). Sports inspirations in cultural tourism. Poland: University of Physical Education in Poznan; 2016. 11 Crawford R. Healthism and the medicalization of everyday life. International Journal of Health Services. 1980; 10 (3):365-388. 12 Borowiec A, Lignowska I. Is the ideology of healthism a distinctive feature of the middle class in Poland? Culture and Society – Sport in Culture. 2012; 56(3): 95-111. 13 Gibson H, Attle S, Yiannakis A. Segmenting the active sport tourism market: A life-span perspective. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 1998; 4(1): 52-64. 14 Ross D. Developing sports tourism. National Laboratory for Tourism. Illinois: University of Illinois; 2001 15 Roberts C. Sport and adventure tourism. In: Robinson P, Heitmann S, Dicke P. Editors. Research Themes for Tourism. Oxfordshire-Cambridge, UK: CABI Publisher; 2011. 16 Ogles BM, Masters KS. A Typology of marathon runners based on cluster analysis on motivations. Journal of Sport Behaviour. 2003; 26:69-85. 17 Krouse R, Ransdell L, Lucas S, Pritchard M. Motivation, goal orientation, coaching and training habits of women ultrarunners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 25(10): 2835–2842. 18 Ogles BM, Masters KS. Obligatory running and gender: An analysis of participative motives and training habits. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1995; 26: 233-248. 19 Freyer W, Gross S. Tourismus und Sport-Events. Dresden, Germany: FIT Forschungsinstitut für Tourismus; 2002.