Suchergebnisse

Abstract The sustainability of organic production and the agroecological transition of farmers in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region was evaluated using the Environmental Impact Assessment System of Agricultural Technological Innovations (AMBITEC-AGRO). The evaluation process consisted of three stages: 1st survey and data collection, 2nd application of questionnaires and 3rd individual interviews. Data were entered into electronic spreadsheets, generating quantitative results of the impacts of activities carried out on rural properties. The indicators of the data obtained are organized in weighting matrices and automatically transformed into impact indices expressed graphically. These indexes resulted in the Percentage of Impact of Technologies - PIT, which characterizes the percentage gain of technology for each of the criteria of the environmental, economic and social dimensions of the productive units. For the environmental dimension, the PIT showed a reduction of -3.73%, where the general index of impact of the activity was 0.95 and after the transition to organic and/or agroecological production it went to 1.29, with a difference of 0.34. In the economic dimension, the PIT was 7.70%, the employment variable with 0.73 and income with 3.89 were the ones that most contributed to this percentage. In the social dimension, the PIT was 7.19%, the most prominent criteria being the consumer with an average of 3.74 and health with an average of 2.99. In this sense, the transition to organic and/or agroecological management, mainly due to the reduction of environmental impacts, provided greater sustainability for agricultural activities in the region.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os impactos ambientais da adoção do sistema de produção de leite orgânico de gado bovino, em sete unidades de produção familiar na Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e Entorno (RIDE), utilizando o sistema Ambitec Agro- Produção animal desenvolvido pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados aos representantes das unidades familiares nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Após a inserção dos coeficientes de alteração de cada variável por unidade de produção, o coeficiente de impacto foi calculado por meio da planilha Ambitec. O índice médio de impacto ambiental foi de -2,13 e de 3,37 para o sistema de produção convencional e do sistema de produção orgânico, respectivamente. "Qualidade do solo" (19,1), "Disposição de resíduos" (16,4), "Valor da propriedade" (15,1) e "Geração de renda" (13,9) foram os componentes que mais contribuíram para o índice do sistema orgânico. O percentual de incremento da tecnologia foi de 18,35%.

The current farm management practices used to cultivate cassava, in a farm from Lago Oeste, Federal District, increased soil pHwater value to 7.11, lowering Mn availability to plants, leading to low root yields. The soils were overfertilized and overlimed. The objective of this work was to evaluate Mn availability for cassava plants, as well as its yield under MnSO4 and elemental sulfur (S0) fertilization, in a high pH soil. An experiment was designed for evaluating MnSO4 (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 kg Mn ha-1) and S0 (0 and 150 kg S0 ha-1) doses on cassava yield. The application of 150 kg S0 ha-1 increased cassava fresh root yield (25.7%), fresh shoot yield (17%), the number of roots (20%) and the starch percentage (7%), and decreased the cooking time (-13%), when compared with treatments without S0. The application of 10 kg Mn ha-1 increased the fresh root yield by 70% as compared to the control treatment. The highest yield was obtained when 10 kg Mn ha-1 and 150 kg S0 ha-1 were applied, rendering 20.16 t fresh roots ha-1, contrasting to the control, which produced 8.83 t ha-1. The applied treatments were essential to increase cassava yield, however, were unable to provide adequate levels of Mn to plants.

<p>In this study, we compared organic and conventional management in a dairy goat production system in Angicos, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Twenty-six Parda Alpina dairy goats were used: 13 in organic management (OM) and 13 in conventional management (CM). The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and 13 repetitions. OM practices included estrus synchronization with the "male effect," an herbal-based treatment against endoparasitoses (an extract of lemon [<em>Citrus limonum</em>] and garlic [<em>Allium sativum</em>]) and the control of mastitis using the Embrapa Kit for manual milking with a rosemary pepper (<em>Lippia sidoides</em>) tincture. CM animals received synthetic hormones (Promone®, Prolise®, and Novormon®) for synchronization of estrus, ivermectin for endoparasitoses, and iodized alcohol for mastitis prevention aided by the Embrapa Kit for manual milking. No significant differences were observed between the management types in the pregnancy rate, FEC, FAMACHA© (Faffa Malan Chart) scores, physico-chemical composition of the milk, or somatic cell count (SCC). Both OM and MC had pregnancy rates of 61.54%. The mean values of the egg counts observed in the OM and CM were 24 and 35 eggs g-1, respectively. The FAMACHA© scores were 1 or 2 and 2, 3, or 4 in OM and CM, respectively. The goats had average weights in OM of 48.53 kg and in CM of 55.92 kg. Milk production, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and nonfat solids in OM (0.971 kg/day, 2,210, 2,322, 3,306, 7,866, 5,566, respectively) were slightly higher than those in CM (0.946 kg/day, 1,812, 1,812, 2.868, 6.74, 4.928). OM (904,860 cells/mL) and CM (1.02052 million cells/mL) SCC values were similar, with the OM within the acceptable range for milk goats. Organic management was equivalent to conventional management for weight gain, maintenance of animal health standards, reproductive and sanitary control, and milk quantity and quality, and is technically suitable for a dairy goat production system in semiarid conditions.</p>