Suchergebnisse

The European Commission DG SANTE requested EFSA in December 2016 to carry out a horizon scanning exercise on emerging plant pests of interest for the European Union territory. To answer this request, EFSA extended the automated monitoring system based on the MEDISYS platform that was set up in collaboration with the JRC in the period 2014-2016. MEDISYS is part of the Europe Media Monitor (EMM) system, fully automatic public health surveillance platform, able to retrieve articles from the internet, categorise them, identify entities (organisations, persons and locations), extract events, cluster articles, and calculate statistics in order to detect emerging threats. Searches are automatically carried out by the system using keywords corresponding to scientific and common names of the pests and associated diseases. The results are collected in monthly newsletters. Articles on pests regulated in the EU, listed by EPPO and more than 500 newly discovered and emerging plant pests are searched by the platform in more than 12,000 media and scientific literature sources from around 200 countries. Xylella fastidiosa is the pest most covered by media. Time series of articles are reported to illustrate the media relevance of certain plant health issues related to this pest. The situations in Italy and Spain have been largely covered by media that also reported news about the outbreaks in France, Portugal and the first findings of the pest in Israel. Many additional information about vectors, subspecies and hosts have also been reported by media. Xylella fastidiosa is also one of the most recurrent pests subject of scientific articles on control measures, surveillance, detection methods and pest epidemiology. Some articles, providing information on new findings, new vectors and new host plants, may be of interest in the context of the regulation of this quarantine pest. ; IT; PPT; Caterina.CAMPESE@ext.efsa.europa.eu

Trabajo presentado en la 2nd European conference on Xylella fastidiosa (how research can support solutions), celebrada en Ajaccio el 29 y 30 de octubre de 2019. ; Understanding the dispersal of Xylella fastidiosais essential for effective management of the disease. In Puglia, Italy, surveillance is focused on buffer and containment zones, which have been established at the edge of the infected region with the aim of containing further spread. Success of this strategy will strongly depend on whether these zones are wide enough to form a barrier to long-distance dispersal of the bacterium. In this presentation, I will describe our progress towards estimating the dispersal range of Xylellain Puglia using a generic spatial epidemiological model adapted to the biology of the pathosystem. The model simulates the spread of the disease across a heterogeneous landscape depending on the location and timing of introduction, the distribution of host plants, the rate of infection growth in infected olive groves and both short-and long-distance dispersal. Long-distance dispersal seems to be a crucial feature of the Xylellaepidemic, causing rapid spread of the disease over large areas but in an unpredictable manner. To try to estimate long-distance dispersal, we use Approximate Bayesian Computation to calibrate the epidemiological model to observed detections in surveillance monitoring data from 2013 to 2018. I will present resultsfrom the model calibration, comparing long-distance dispersal estimates from models specified for different long-range dispersal mechanisms. This will inform discussion on the roles of mechanisms such as vehicle transport and wind dispersal in spreading Xylellaat regional scales. ; European Union Horizon 2020 grant agreement number 727987. ; Peer reviewed

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Atalodera andina (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) for the European Union (EU) territory. A. andina belongs to the order Rhabditida, subfamily Ataloderinae. This species has not been reported from the EU. It is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. It is present in the area of the Lake Titicaca of both Peru and Bolivia and in valleys of the region. There is a report in literature stating that specimens were obtained from Chile and identified as A. andina but details on their geographical origin were not given. The identity of A. andina is well established and methods of its identification are available. Natural hosts include the tuber crops Ullucus tuberosus, Oxalis tuberosa and the Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum). Experimental hosts include plants of the genus Brassica (such as B. oleracea, B. napus, B. campestris), sugar beet, tomato and clover. Pathways of entry are host plants for planting including seed tubers, subterranean parts of plants intended for consumption, soil as such or attached to plants for planting, machinery or footwear, soil in packaging (bags). Suitable climates exist in the EU but their extent is uncertain and depends on assumptions made on the occurrence of the pest around Lake Titicaca. In the EU, potato, which is grown on about 1,500,000 ha annually, is expected to be the main host of the nematode. Soil and plants for planting are prohibited from import to the EU from third countries where the pest is known to occur. However, this does not cover hosts of A. andina other than species of Solanaceae. The nematode has been reported to damage Andean potato crops, although this has not been quantified. Following its introduction in the EU, A. andina is expected to cause impacts on potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum), although there is uncertainty on the magnitude of this impact. Also damage on other hosts cannot be excluded. Therefore, the Panel concludes that A. andina satisfies all ...

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Atalodera andina (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) for the European Union (EU) territory. A. andina belongs to the order Rhabditida, subfamily Ataloderinae. This species has not been reported from the EU. It is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. It is present in the area of the Lake Titicaca of both Peru and Bolivia and in valleys of the region. There is a report in literature stating that specimens were obtained from Chile and identified as A. andina but details on their geographical origin were not given. The identity of A. andina is well established and methods of its identification are available. Natural hosts include the tuber crops Ullucus tuberosus, Oxalis tuberosa and the Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum). Experimental hosts include plants of the genus Brassica (such as B. oleracea, B. napus, B. campestris), sugar beet, tomato and clover. Pathways of entry are host plants for planting including seed tubers, subterranean parts of plants intended for consumption, soil as such or attached to plants for planting, machinery or footwear, soil in packaging (bags). Suitable climates exist in the EU but their extent is uncertain and depends on assumptions made on the occurrence of the pest around Lake Titicaca. In the EU, potato, which is grown on about 1,500,000 ha annually, is expected to be the main host of the nematode. Soil and plants for planting are prohibited from import to the EU from third countries where the pest is known to occur. However, this does not cover hosts of A. andina other than species of Solanaceae. The nematode has been reported to damage Andean potato crops, although this has not been quantified. Following its introduction in the EU, A. andina is expected to cause impacts on potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum), although there is uncertainty on the magnitude of this impact. Also damage on other hosts cannot be excluded. Therefore, the Panel concludes that A. andina satisfies all ...

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) for the European Union (EU) territory. This species is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. P. solenopsis is native to North America and has spread to all continents except Antarctica. It has recently been reported from Cyprus, Greece and Italy. This mealybug is a polyphagous pest, feeding on about 300 plant species. It usually feeds on aerial plant parts, especially new growth, but also occurs on roots, and is often associated with ants. It is an economically important pest of ornamentals, such as hibiscus and lantana, glasshouse vegetable crops, mainly bell pepper, tomato and eggplant, and field crops, such as cotton. Large populations cause die‐back and reduction in yield. Adult and immature P. solenopsis could enter the EU with imported fresh fruit, vegetables and cut flowers, although the main pathway of introduction is likely to be plants for planting. Host availability and climate suitability indicate that most of the EU would be suitable for establishment. The main natural dispersal stage is the first instar, which crawls over the plant or may be dispersed further by wind and animals. All stages may be transported over longer distances in trade. Phytosanitary measures are available and should prevent further introductions and slow the spread within the EU. P. solenopsis is under official control in Cyprus and has recently been reported in Greece and Italy. Assuming that these reports reflect a limited distribution, and P. solenopsis shortly comes under official control, it would satisfy all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.