Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Historical Background of Decentralization in Indonesia -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Theoretical Debates of Decentralization, Democratization and Development -- 1.3 Suharto Regime -- 1.4 Monetary Crisis and Reform -- 1.5 Decentralization Performance at Glance -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Decentralization: Potential and Challenges for Rural Development -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conceptual Terrain -- 2.2.1 The Concept of Decentralization -- 2.2.2 The Concept of Rural Development -- 2.3 The Link Between Decentralization and Rural Development -- 2.3.1 Potential for Decentralization in Rural Development -- 2.3.2 Challenges for Decentralization -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Design of Decentralization in Indonesia -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History of Decentralization in Indonesia -- 3.2.1 1945-1974 -- 3.2.2 1974-2000 -- 3.2.3 2001-2016 -- 3.3 The Current Design of Decentralization -- 3.3.1 Political Decentralization -- 3.3.2 Administrative Decentralization -- 3.3.3 Fiscal Decentralization -- 3.4 Implications for Village Government and Rural Development -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Rural Development Policy in Indonesia -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Land Reform -- 4.3 The Green Revolution -- 4.4 Backward Village Program -- 4.5 Kecamatan Development Program -- 4.6 Social Safety Nets -- 4.7 Unconditional Cash Transfer Program -- 4.8 Lessons Learned -- References -- 5 District Budgeting for Rural Development -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Case of Purbalingga District -- 5.2.1 Profile of Purbalingga District -- 5.2.2 Budget Allocation in Purbalingga District -- 5.2.3 Development Progress in Some Selected Sectors -- 5.3 Comparison with Other Districts -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References

This book analyzes the sustainability of community seed production under a rice-wheat farming system from microeconomic perspectives, considering how seed producers benefit from community seed production and how those benefits continue into the future. Seed producers' performance in resource management, governance and marketing strategies indicates current benefits, whereas soil conservation and risk-management practices provide the basis for future benefits. Community seed production is a local-level seed management system owned by farmers. This system provides the institutional mechanism to supply diversified seed demands of open-pollinated varieties of food crops in a cost-effective way in rural regions. Being able to address the concerns of food insecurity, poverty, climate stress and biodiversity loss in programs and policies of development agencies, community seed production is gaining popularity among the farmers and the policy makers in developing countries. This book discusses the issues of organizational governance of the community seed producers' groups and links them with household-level benefits to understand the organizational dynamism and the probable development paths of such organizations in the future. It also highlights the necessity to institutionalize lessons learned in community seed production in the stakeholders' programs and policies. These understandings provide a basis for formulating policies for strengthening the system in developing countries. Students, researchers, policy makers and donor agencies working with CSP in the developing world will find this book useful in broadening their understanding of CSP in general and its sustainability in particular.

This book is about climate change and its relation to agriculture and rural livelihoods. It starts by providing a basic understanding of climate change science followed by the relation of climate change to agriculture, the impact of which is discussed based on the particular impact of climate change on plant and animal physiology. The book further discusses the inclusion of the agriculture sector in various international climate change negotiations. It also reviews the cost and opportunities for agricultural projects through international climate change regimes, specifically the Clean Developm

This book conducts a holistic analysis of climate change perceptions, vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation, based on the primary household-data collected from the Chepang community residing in the rural Mid-Hills of Nepal. Socio-economic and demographic data from the household survey is integrated with meteorological and spatial data to conduct an integrated analysis. Quantitative analysis is also supplemented by qualitative information. Given the context of ongoing climate change, the livelihoods issues of a highly marginalized Chepang community form the center-point of analysis. The book demonstrates that balanced assets possession is a prerequisite to strengthen the adaptive capacity of the households. Furthermore, the ability of translating adaptive capacity into adaptation actions is determined by the households' ability to correctly perceive the changes and their access to various assets. The book recommends to ensure the availability of non-farm livelihood opportunities along with access to formal/vocational education and skill development training as these are the key factors contributing to reduce the vulnerability. The book concludes that mainstreaming of climate change into development efforts is a must for sustainable development

AbstractAn understanding of the dynamics of persistent poverty that is not static, contrary to its portrayal in the literature, is important for policy‐makers. We therefore performed multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression on panel data to capture rural poverty dynamics in Nepal's Far‐Western Hills. The former revealed that the risk of experiencing chronic poverty was significantly higher for households in the more remote village development committee of Melauli, those headed by women or older men with less education, and those with higher dependency ratios and lower participation levels in community‐based organisations. The latter, entailing disaggregation of transient poverty, revealed a higher risk of moving into poverty for members of occupational castes (OCs) and housevholds in Melauli because of their limited socioeconomic assets. The occurrence of natural disasters also increased households' risks of moving into poverty. Conversely, more years of schooling among household heads facilitated movements out of poverty. Thus, poverty reduction programmes focusing on relatively remote villages and OCs that promote educational access and employment generation are necessary to address chronic and transient poverty. Further, the introduction of temporary relief programmes following natural disasters, and of insurance schemes for covering associated losses, will alleviate transient poverty.

The series of earthquakes and aftershocks affect Nepal in 2015. However, very few studies were carried out to assess and analyze the local-level impacts and responses. The present study focuses on impacts and responses to earthquakes in the Kirtipur Municipality based on secondary data and primary information generated from the open-ended questions to the purposively selected samples. Higher number of human casualties was observed among the elderly and children, but no such difference in terms of gender. The wards in core areas, particularly in Panga and Chovar, were affected the most because of century old houses without any disaster resistant technologies. The social bonding and cohesion were strongly observed during rescue and relief phases. The separated families united during the first two phases whereas the united families separated to nuclear families in recovery and reconstruction phases. The major reasons were main political transition, lack of financial resources and social factors.