Integrated Analytical Approaches for Pesticide Management
Front Cover -- Integrated Analytical Approaches for Pesticide Management -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Disclaimer -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 1 Setting the Framework -- 2 Generic Guidelines on Integrated Analytical Approaches to Assess Indicators of Pesticide Management Practices at a Catchm... -- Introduction -- Overall Strategy: "Black-Box" Monitoring -- Role of Laboratory in Fostering GAP -- Definition of Stakeholders, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Definition and Elaboration of the Strategy for Monitoring GAP -- Formation of the Working Team -- Selecting and Characterizing the Microcatchment -- Elaborate the Strategy -- Undertake a First-Tier Risk Assessment -- Initial Monitoring Strategy: The "Black-Box" Approach -- Where?-Selection of the Geo-Referencing Sampling Sites -- When?-Sampling Times and Frequencies -- What?-Matrices Sampled -- How Much?-Amounts Sampled -- How to Sample?-Sampling Tools and Procedures -- Who?-The Sampling Team -- Minimum Infrastructure and Tools -- Integrated Monitoring -- Data Interpretation and Assessment of Indicators of Pesticide Management Practice -- Interpretation of Monitoring Data -- Assessment of Indicators -- Outreach and Outcomes -- Laboratory Outreach -- Lesson Identified -- Outcomes -- References -- 2 Sampling -- 3 Sampling Strategies -- Introduction to Sampling and Monitoring -- Sampling for Decision Making -- What Types of Decisions Will Be Made? -- Defining Decision Rules -- Sampling Designs -- Simple Random Sampling -- Stratified Sampling -- Systematic Sampling -- Special Case 1: Transect Sampling -- Special Case 2: Grid Sampling -- Cluster Sampling -- Concepts of Accuracy, Bias, and Precision -- Spatial and Temporal Variation -- Spatial Considerations -- Temporal Considerations -- Field Sampling -- Soil -- Streams -- Spray Drift -- Use of Composite Sampling.