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Abstract
Evidence suggests that a certain degree of clustering and narrowing of research trajectories is occurring, both on the individual and disease levels. Mechanisms of this process include biases in funding, a lack of coordination among funders, the significant funding role of for-profit actors, and lobbying by special interest groups. The implication is that fewer individuals might control the direction of research and certain diseases could garner a disproportionate amount of attention and resources, which could be an epistemic threat to medical progress. In this perspective article, we highlight the scale of the issue, mechanisms underlying this process, and their effects on medical progress. The article also explores potential solutions to counteract an excessive narrowing and clustering, highlighting the importance of individual researchers, patients, research organizations, and funders in ensuring that a sufficiently-diverse set of medical research trajectories are being pursued.

Electoral support of radical right parties (RRPs) varies significantly between European countries. In Denmark and the Netherlands, these parties enjoy electoral popularity, while similar support is absent in Portugal and Estonia. We investigate whether economic inequality affects the support of RRPs, and whether the effect is most pronounced among losers of economic globalization. Finally, we test if the association strengthened after the onset of the economic crisis in 2008. Using multilevel cross-sectional data from 16 European countries in 2006 and 2010, we show that economic inequality decreases support for RRPs, especially among losers of globalization. We argue that inequality increases the impact of voters' economic interests on their party choice and decreases the importance of social cultural issues. Therefore fewer people will vote for RRPs who primarily mobilize voters on social cultural issues.

Tilslutningen til højreradikale partier varierer betragteligt på tværs af europæiske lande. Mens partierne nyder stor tilslutning i fx Danmark og Holland, opnår de markant mindre popularitet i lande som Portugal og Estland. Vi undersøger, om økonomisk ulighed påvirker opbakningen til højreradikale partier, og hvorvidt dette gør sig særligt gældende for globaliseringstabere. Dernæst tester vi, om sammenhængene er styrket efter begyndelsen på den økonomiske krise. Med multilevelmodellering af tværsnitsdata fra 16 europæiske lande i 2006 og 2010 viser vi, at økonomisk ulighed mindsker opbakningen til højreradikale partier, særligt blandt økonomisk globaliseringsudsatte vælgere, både før og efter krisens begyndelse. Vi argumenterer for, at ulighed øger betydningen af vælgeres økonomiske interesser for deres stemmeadfærd men mindsker vigtigheden af værdipolitiske spørgsmål. Derfor stemmer færre på højreradikale partier, der hovedsageligt mobiliserer vælgere på værdipolitiske emner.

The objective of this article is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quantitative approaches to Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), and to provide a low-resolution map of the European RRI landscape, which can serve as a vehicle for international learning. The article presents indicators of RRI aimed at characterising countries. It examines the empirical structure of the data collected in the 'Monitoring the evolution and benefits of Responsible Research and Innovation' (MoRRI) project and reports patterns across Europe. Factor analysis is applied to identify 11 empirically-anchored dimensions of RRI. Based on indices for these dimensions, cluster analysis reveals four distinct clusters of countries. These results point to diversity regarding the empirically-manifest components of RRI as well as diversity in the RRI profiles of the 28 European Union Member States.

The objective of this article is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quantitative approaches to Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), and to provide a low-resolution map of the European RRI landscape, which can serve as a vehicle for international learning. The article presents indicators of RRI aimed at characterising countries. It examines the empirical structure of the data collected in the 'Monitoring the evolution and benefits of Responsible Research and Innovation' (MoRRI) project and reports patterns across Europe. Factor analysis is applied to identify 11 empirically-anchored dimensions of RRI. Based on indices for these dimensions, cluster analysis reveals four distinct clusters of countries. These results point to diversity regarding the empirically-manifest components of RRI as well as diversity in the RRI profiles of the 28 European Union Member States.