Suchergebnisse

Objective. To review studies that have analyzed the relationship of bullying and cyberbullying with the familycontext. Method. PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews was used in all documents registered in the mainpsychology databases featuring the keywords bullying/cyberbullying and family/parents, between 2004 and2017. Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Results. The review revealed the following familiarvariables associated with each role. Victims of bullying: authoritarian, punitive, negligent, or permissive parents;dysfunctional homes, low family harmony, conflicts, poor parent-child communication; criticism, low parentalsupport/attention, or overprotection. Cyber-victims: authoritarian or negligent parents; family conflicts, low parental support, distant parents, negative emotional bonding with parents. Bullies: authoritarian, punitive orpermissive parents; dysfunctional homes, parental conflicts, domestic violence; rejection, criticism, and littleparental affection. Cyberbullies: authoritarian, negligent or permissive parents, and family conflicts. Protectivefactors: democratic, balanced parents; no domestic conflicts, family cohesion, quality interactions, easy parentchildcommunication, parents support and care for their children, close-knit relationships, and foster secureattachment. Conclusion. Some family variables may be relevant, although the probability of becoming a victimor aggressor of bullying and cyberbullying may be influenced by other factors. ; Objetivo. Revisar los estudios que han analizado la relación de bullying/cyberbullying con variables delcontexto familiar. Método. Revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo Prisma, de los documentos registradosen las principales bases de datos de psicología, que incluían las palabras clave bullying/cyberbullying y familia/padres, entre 2004 y 2017. Setenta y cuatro artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados. Larevisión evidenció las siguientes variables familiares asociadas con cada rol: (a) víctimas de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos; hogares disfuncionales, baja armonía familiar, conflictos, pobre comunicación; reciben muchas críticas, bajo apoyo/atención parental o sobreprotección; (b) cibervíctimas:padres/madres autoritarios o negligentes, conflictos familiares, bajo apoyo parental, padres/madres distantes,vínculos emocionales negativos; (c) agresores de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos,hogares disfuncionales, conflictos entre padres/madres, violencia doméstica, reciben rechazo, crítica ypoco afecto parental; (d) ciberagresores: padres/madres autoritarios, negligentes o permisivos, y conflictosfamiliares. Por último, resultaron factores protectores: padres/madres democráticas, equilibrados, sin conflictosdomésticos, cohesión familiar, interacciones de calidad, fácil comunicación padres-hijos, padres/madresapoyan a sus hijos, son cercanos y fomentan el apego seguro. Conclusión. Algunas variables familiares puedenser relevantes, aunque en la probabilidad de convertirse en víctima o agresor de bullying y cyberbullyinginfluyan otros factores, como los personales.

Bystanders play a key role in understanding the phenomenon of cyberbullying (CB). The main aim of this study is to explore longitudinal bidirectional relationships among cyberbystanders' reaction, CB perpetration, and CB justification. Participants were 1,105 adolescents (56.7% girls; Mage = 13.56, SD = 1.21) who answered self-reported questionnaires about CB perpetration, CB justification, and cyberbystanders' reaction at two measurement periods spaced 8 months apart. The results showed that cyberbystanders who assisted and/or reinforced the aggressor had higher scores for CB perpetration and justification than those who supported or defended the victim. Furthermore, cyberbystanders' pro-aggressive behavior at Time 1 (T1) predicted an increase in CB perpetration and justification at Time 2 (T2), and T1 CB perpetration predicted an increase in T2 CB justification. These findings highlight the precursor role that acting as an assistant or reinforcer of the perpetrator may have on their own perpetration of future CB aggressions.

Psychosocial risks can negatively affect adolescents' physical, psychological, and social health. Grounded on the cumulative risk theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) depending on the accumulation of several psychosocial risks (bullying, cyberbullying, cyberdating abuse, sexting, online grooming, and problematic Internet use). The participants were 3,212 Spanish adolescents (53.7% females) with a mean age of 13.92 ± 1.44, who completed self-report online questionnaires that assessed each of the aforementioned risks and HRQoL. Overall, 41.4% of the female participants and 36.8% of the males presented at least one risk, with significant differences between sexes. The percentage of participants who presented an accumulation of three or more risks was 8.2%. Risk accumulation was related to a lower HRQoL score than those who presented no risks. The scores in HRQoL decrease at up to four risks, point at which the differences ceased to be significant.