Suchergebnisse

A review of research on feminist issues within the major paradigms of economics, including the neoclassical, Marxist/radical, & institutional approaches. Although women have been chiefly analyzed within neutral or impersonal categories such as the "consumer" or the "household," in neoclassical analysis, their labor-market participation & effects on labor-supply variations are common themes. Marxist analysis discusses women's labor in relation to modes of production, the interaction between domestic labor & societal economies, M/F wage inequality, & labor market segmentation. Institutional research focuses on family economics through time-budget analyses & trends in women's labor-market participation. The general problem of sex bias in analyses of finance & trade in economics is assessed. D. Dunseath.

This paper reports on research exploring the contribution to social policy of social economy organizations (SEOs) in Atlantic Canada. Of particular interest is whether SEOs and government are engaged in what we have termed "reciprocal relationships," through inclusive, cross-sector alliances linked to improved policy planning and decision-making. Initial findings suggest that reciprocity of relationships between government and SEOs to enhance policy solutions and service provision is not yet fully realized and that SEOs remain structurally marginalized in the design and implementation of policy. The paper points to investment in appropriate support mechanisms to make government-SEO alliances meaningful and more durable.

Immigration policies in most host nations of the west have undergone significant changes in recent years. Based on the four country-specific papers that appear in this section of the journal, and also on our own research, we present an overview of these changes and their context. In all countries, economic considerations play a central role in shaping immigration policy and greater importance is given to scientific research. Several common policy changes are noted in Australia, Canada and New Zealand which include: a shift away from a human capital focus toward more targeted selection based on labor market demand for specific skills, increased emphasis on temporary foreign worker programs, attraction of international students, an overhauling of the refugee system, and regionalization of immigration. In the U.S., while adoption of some of these changes has often surfaced in public policy and academic discussions, legalization of unauthorized migrants remains an important policy debate, with recent arguments focusing on the economic benefits of legalization.

Class relations, with emphasis on gender & household relations in 6 Nova Scotia fishing communities, were investigated through analysis of household survey data (N not given). Individual work histories were examined, as well as combined work patterns of wives & husbands. Few consistent patterns were uncovered. Household class positions varied with the nature & position of the fishery in the geographical area & the amount of capital accumulation. In recent years, male work patterns had become more stable, & clearer family class positions were emerging in the corporate sectors of the industry. In marginal sectors, contradictory household class roles were common. Unequal gender relations at home & work affected the dominance of a class interest & the allocation of labor. Case examples are presented, & the benefits of an expanded gender & household class analysis in explaining class relations are discussed. D. Generoli

A detailed case study of women's changing economic role at the community & personal levels in Atlantic Canadian communities. Changes in the fishing industry in recent years have been dramatic, & with them have come changes in the economic role of women. Examined are how available jobs are allocated among the potential LF within the community, how household work is arranged within the home, & how changes in economic conditions alter these patterns. In addition to secondary data on changes in the fishing industry, interviews were conducted with managers & workers in fish plants concerning changes in the sex distribution of jobs within the plant, wage rates, working conditions, & sources of labor. The women were interviewed concerning work patterns & the contributions of family members to child care, housework, & family earnings. The conclusions reveal the flexibility of the economy in its use of women, & the flexibility of the family in the economic activities of its members, as conditions change over time. Modified AA.