Suchergebnisse

The fast-moving-consumer-goods (FMCG) sector is in the spotlight as a culprit for the current plastic waste problem. However, few studies provide insight into plastic elimination from the FMCG perspective. This qualitative study explores what the FMCG industry encounters when they attempt to address the plastic packaging issue. We conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with selected managers and technology experts in 7 European FMCGs. The analysis uses am original approach, named 'the Factor Mapping Grid', developed to stimulate responses from participants and map relationships between different factors. Results include 7 critical factors, and show that FMCG managers believe that pressure from "consumers" is the most prominent factor in reducing plastic. But, consumers are also equally viewed as a barrier to transition and thus act as a double-edged sword for FMCGs, depending on their awareness of plastic as an issue, and their willingness to take actions. All firms view legislation as an important enabler, but acknowledge that this is out of their control. It is evident that for industry, there is a general desire to reduce plastic, but there is a reluctance to be the first, and thus, a 'we will if you will' phenomenon is observed.

The current study explored the triadic relationship between the government, local residents and developers as stakeholders in rural tourism land expropriation. Unstructured interviews and non-participant observation were conducted to obtain relevant data. Social action theory was applied to delineate the complex interaction and relationships between the various stakeholders. Growth machine theory was also used to reveal the internal mechanisms of these relationships. The results showed that in land expropriation for rural tourism development in the case setting, stakeholders' relationships were not merely cooperative or antagonistic; rather, their interests were interwoven and showed a process-based evolution with the progress of land expropriation. Finally, the local government (political elite) and the developer (economic elite) formed a growth coalition and jointly led the process of land expropriation. However, local residents failed to form an anti-growth coalition, which indicates the potential vulnerability of tourism coalition formation. These insights have implications for developing sustainable tourism, including government involvement and resident participation, particularly in the context of developing countries.

Social capital plays an essential role in the early stage of rural tourism development. Taking the family as the research unit, this study applied social capital theory to examine how guanxi serves residents' interests in negotiations during housing demolition. Nonparticipant observations and in-depth interviews were conducted to identify the utility and essence of guanxi during housing demolition for rural tourism development in a Chinese village. The results show that guanxi, as a kind of social capital, plays an important role in rural tourism development, and that the internal mechanism through which guanxi exerts its utility is 'guanxi - power - interest.' The study offers important theoretical and practical implications for both governments and tourism developers which benefits the destination management

At present, social and economic development has entered a new era. The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources has strengthened the functions of the natural resources department to provide the government and the public with standard, accurate, authoritative and reliable geomatics data recognized by various sectors, and has also put forward higher requirements for the quality of geomatics data. The definition of some elements in the geomatics standards is ambiguous or even contradictory, which interferes with the work level of production personnel, affects the ability of quality inspectors to determine quality problems accurately and efficiently, reduces the consistency of geographic information data, and limits the promotion and use of the products. The fundamental way to solve this problem is to unify the understanding of products, quality inspection and application, to comprehensively consider different scales, different terrain types and different types of results, and to define geomatics elements precisely, clearly and uniformly so that practitioners in different links can reach a consensus and have no ambiguity in the understanding of the elements. This work is not only conducive to reducing friction among products, quality inspection and application, but also the basis for realizing the co-construction and sharing of geographic information data among various sectors.