Suchergebnisse

Human capital and empire compares the role of Scots, Irish and Welsh within the English East India Company between c. 1690 and c. 1820. It focuses on why the three groups developed such distinctive and different profiles within the corporation and its wider colonial activities in Asia. Besides contributing to the national histories of Scotland, Ireland and Wales, it uses these societies to ask how 'poorer' regions of Europe participated in global empire. The chapters cover involvement in the Company's administrative, military, medical, maritime and private trade activities. The analysis conceives of sojourning to Asia as a cycle of human capital, with human mobility used to access a key sector of world trade. As well as providing essential new statistical information on Irish, Scottish and Welsh participation, it makes a significant contribution to ongoing debates on the legacies of empire. --

The family unit has become an important lens for investigating the social, gendered, and racial dimensions of early British imperialism in Asia. Using evidence derived from wills and testaments registered by Scots at the English East India Company's settlements between 1740 and 1820, this article explores how colonial wealth was redistributed. In doing so it reconsiders how families and kinship acted as both a transhemispheric connection between Europe and the Indian Ocean World and a disruptor of social, gendered, and racial dynamics. It queries arguments that family boundaries could be porous enough to incorporate mixed-race children resulting from relationships between Europeans and local women. Analysis of overall patterns of wealth allocation, rather than individual family case studies, reveals a clear tendency to separate or 'silo' such children. Offspring born to local women received far less than family back in Scotland and were usually left in the place of their birth. Families in Scotland stressed a political economy of profit remittance and discouraged the creation of new obligations to children and local women. Considerable sums were instead allocated to female relatives. One result of the policing of extended family boundaries was a heightening in pre-1820s Scottish society of colour consciousness and racialised notions of identity. In this way, the Indian Ocean World, just as surely as better-known processes such as the Atlantic slave trade, contributed a practical and immediate set of imperatives driving new concepts of race and racialisation in Enlightenment era Scotland.

The family unit has become an important lens for investigating the social, gendered, and racial dimensions of early British imperialism in Asia. Using evidence derived from wills and testaments registered by Scots at the English East India Company's settlements between 1740 and 1820, this article explores how colonial wealth was redistributed. In doing so it reconsiders how families and kinship acted as both a transhemispheric connection between Europe and the Indian Ocean World and a disruptor of social, gendered, and racial dynamics. It queries arguments that family boundaries could be porous enough to incorporate mixed-race children resulting from relationships between Europeans and local women. Analysis of overall patterns of wealth allocation, rather than individual family case studies, reveals a clear tendency to separate or 'silo' such children. Offspring born to local women received far less than family back in Scotland and were usually left in the place of their birth. Families in Scotland stressed a political economy of profit remittance and discouraged the creation of new obligations to children and local women. Considerable sums were instead allocated to female relatives. One result of the policing of extended family boundaries was a heightening in pre-1820s Scottish society of colour consciousness and racialised notions of identity. In this way, the Indian Ocean World, just as surely as better-known processes such as the Atlantic slave trade, contributed a practical and immediate set of imperatives driving new concepts of race and racialisation in Enlightenment era Scotland.

ABSTRACT:This article explores the understudied riots which occurred in Aberdeen in mid-October 1785. It charts the climate of politicization that characterized the burgh's civic life in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolution and before the outbreak of the equivalent process in France. In doing so, it challenges interpretations of the socially exclusive nature of the Scottish reform movement, the dynamics of continuity and change between this phenomenon and later political 'radicalism' and the role of Aberdeen as a 'provincial' metropolis in the Age of Revolution.

The close, reciprocal relationship between overseas expansion and domestic state formation in early modern Western Europe has long been understood. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Portugal, the Netherlands, and England used the resources arising from their Atlantic colonies and Asia trades to defend themselves against their respective Spanish and French enemies. Creating and sustaining a territorial or trading empire, therefore, enabled polities not only to survive but also to enhance their standing with-i n the hierarchy of European states. The proposition that success overseas facilitated state development at home points however to the opposite logic, that where kingdoms failed as colonial powers they might well suffer from inhibited state formation. Indeed, if the example of England demonstrated how empire augmented a kingdom's power, then the experience of its neigh-bour, Scotland, seemed to reveal one possible outcome for a country unable to access colonial expansion. In 1707 Scotland negotiated away its political sovereignty and entered into an incorporating union with England. The new British framework enabled the Scots to access English markets (both domestic and colonial) previously closed to them. This does not mean that the 1707 union was simply an exchange of Scottish sovereignty for involvement in England's economy. Pressing political concerns, not least the Hanoverian succession played an equal if not more important role in the making of the British union. The question of political causation notwithstanding, the prevailing historiography of 1707 still places Scotland in a dichotomous framework of declining continental markets on the one hand and the lure of more expansive trade with England' domestic and overseas outlets on the other.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- SECTION ONE SCOTTISH NATIONAL, SUPRA-NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MILITARY IDENTITIES -- 1. James VI and the formation of a Scottish-British Military Identity -- 2. Beating the Odds: Alexander Leslie's 1640 Campaign in England -- 3. Royalist soldiers and Cromwellian allies? The Cranstoun Regiment in Sweden 1656-1658 -- 4. The End of the Scots-Dutch Brigade -- 5. 'Tae see ourselves as ithers see us': Scottish Military Identity from the Covenant to Victoria 1637-1837 -- SECTION TWO FROM GAELIC CLANSMEN TO HIGHLAND SOLDIERS -- 6. 'His spirit was given only to warre': Conflict and Identity in the Scottish Gaidhealtachd c. 1580-c. 1630 -- 7. Crisis of Identity? Clan Chattan's response to government policy in the Scottish Highlands c. 1580-1609 -- 8. For King, Country and Regiment? Motive and Identity in Highland Soldiering 1746-1815 -- 9. Identity in the Highland Regiments in the Nineteenth Century: Soldier, Region, Nation -- SECTION THREE THE CIVILIAN IMPACT ON THE SCOTTISH MILITARY -- 10. Arming and Equipping the Covenanting Armies 1638-1651 -- 11. The press and military conflict in early modern Scotland -- Glossary of Scots and Scottish Gaelic Terms -- Index.

ABSTRACTThis short essay sets the context for the special section on communities, courts and Scottish towns. Scottish burgh records generally, and Aberdeen's UNESCO recognized collection in particular, are considered in light of their legal character. The changing features of pre-modern political society between the fifteenth century and the early nineteenth century are introduced as a shared problem for investigation, and an ancien régime framework is examined as a comparative tool in this field. A vital concern of these articles is with the construction and sometimes contested use of vocabularies of law and authority, privileges and liberties, and ideas of urban 'community'. Courts at the municipal level, and in the world beyond the burgh, are appreciated as legal and governmental fora. The ambition of this special section is to prompt European comparisons, and encourage greater dialogue with and consideration of Scottish urban records in future research.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Introduction A Global Force: War, Identities and Scotland's Diaspora -- PART 1 -- 1 Military Scotland in the Age of Proto-globalisation, c. 1690 to c. 1815 -- 2 Forging Nationhood: Scottish Imperial Identity and the Construction of Nationhood in the Dominions, 1880-1914 -- 3 The Scottish Soldier and Scotland, 1914-1918 -- PART 2 -- 4 Performing Scottishness in England: Forming and Dressing the London Scottish Volunteer Rifles -- 5 Canada, Military Scottishness and the First World War -- 6 'A military fervour akin to religious fanaticism': Scottish Military Identity in the Australian Imperial Force -- 7 South Africa and Scotland in the First World War -- 8 Ngati Tumatauenga and the Kilties: New Zealand's Ethnic Military Traditions -- 9 Scottish Ethnic Associationalism, Military Identity and Diaspora Connections in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries -- Notes on the Contributors -- Index