Value-Based Management and Corporate Governance: A Study of Serbian Corporations
In: Economic Annals, Band LVII
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In: Economic Annals, Band LVII
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International audience ; This work aims at analyzing different management practices for the improvement of the agricultural production in the Central Jordan Valley. The optimization of the cropping pattern has been done under different water scarcity and drought conditions and prevailing environmental and socio-economic constraints. The ISAREG model was used to estimate crop water requirements, net irrigation requirements and to develop the crop response to water curves under open field and greenhouse conditions, taking into account actual soil and water salinity level. A socio-economic model was developed in order to optimize the cropping pattern and to evaluate water productivity, land use and farmer's profit under different water availability and water prices scenarios. The overall results indicated that the reduction of water availability is the most limiting factor of the agricultural production in the region which might lead to the reduction of the cultivated land and profits. However, water productivity is not affected significantly neither by the restrictions of water supply not by the increase of water tariffs. The cultivation of less water demanding and salt tolerant vegetables, especially under greenhouse conditions, as well as the application of deficit irrigation practices are recommended to adapt to drought situations. ; Ce travail vise à analyser les différentes pratiques de gestion pour l'amélioration de la production agricole dans la vallée centrale du Jourdain. L'assolement a été optimisé sous des conditions différentes de disponibilité d'eau d'irrigation et de précipitations, en tenant compte des contraintes socio-économiques et environnementales. Le modèle ISAREG a été utilisé pour estimer les besoins en eau des cultures, les besoins nets d'irrigation et pour produire les fonctions de réponse à l'eau en plein champ, dans des serres, en prenant en compte les conditions du sol et les niveaux de salinité de l'eau. Un modèle socio-économique a été développé pour optimiser l'assolement et pour ...
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International audience ; This work aims at analyzing different management practices for the improvement of the agricultural production in the Central Jordan Valley. The optimization of the cropping pattern has been done under different water scarcity and drought conditions and prevailing environmental and socio-economic constraints. The ISAREG model was used to estimate crop water requirements, net irrigation requirements and to develop the crop response to water curves under open field and greenhouse conditions, taking into account actual soil and water salinity level. A socio-economic model was developed in order to optimize the cropping pattern and to evaluate water productivity, land use and farmer's profit under different water availability and water prices scenarios. The overall results indicated that the reduction of water availability is the most limiting factor of the agricultural production in the region which might lead to the reduction of the cultivated land and profits. However, water productivity is not affected significantly neither by the restrictions of water supply not by the increase of water tariffs. The cultivation of less water demanding and salt tolerant vegetables, especially under greenhouse conditions, as well as the application of deficit irrigation practices are recommended to adapt to drought situations. ; Ce travail vise à analyser les différentes pratiques de gestion pour l'amélioration de la production agricole dans la vallée centrale du Jourdain. L'assolement a été optimisé sous des conditions différentes de disponibilité d'eau d'irrigation et de précipitations, en tenant compte des contraintes socio-économiques et environnementales. Le modèle ISAREG a été utilisé pour estimer les besoins en eau des cultures, les besoins nets d'irrigation et pour produire les fonctions de réponse à l'eau en plein champ, dans des serres, en prenant en compte les conditions du sol et les niveaux de salinité de l'eau. Un modèle socio-économique a été développé pour optimiser l'assolement et pour évaluer la productivité de l'eau, l'utilisation de la terre et le revenu des agriculteurs sous différents scénarios de disponibilité et de prix de l'eau. Les résultats montrent globalement que la réduction de la disponibilité d'eau est le facteur le plus important pour la production agricole de la région, pouvant mener à une réduction de la surface cultivée et du revenu des agriculteurs. Par contre, la productivité de l'eau n'est pas affectée sensiblement par la restriction de la disponibilité d'eau ni par l'augmentation du prix de l'eau. Il apparaît recommandable de privilégier les cultures qui demandent moins d'eau et qui sont plus tolérantes à la salinité, surtout pour les cultures sous serre. L'irrigation complémentaire est aussi la mieux adaptée aux conditions de sécheresse.
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Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
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Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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