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Singapore is the world's second-fastest ageing society and will become a super- aged society by 2030. This book fills an important research gap by examining Singapore's efforts to achieve healthy ageing. It draws on both semi-structured interviews and secondary data (e.g. government documents, journal articles, books, reports) to examine hot topics such as financial wellness of older adults, ageing in place, dementia friendly communities and digital connection with older adults in the time of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the interviews, experts and professionals provide valuable insights into the issue of healthy ageing in Singapore. The book's goal is to provide a comprehensive portrait of healthy ageing in Singapore, while also sharing valuable lessons to help other countries achieve healthy ageing. Dr. Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk is Assistant Professor in Public Policy and Global Affairs, School of Social Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science and International Studies from the University of Birmingham. Her research areas include healthy ageing, healthcare and long- term care reforms, smart cities, and crisis leadership and management. Dr. Luk is the leading contributor to the UNESCAP report on Evolution of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Sustainable Development: The Experiences of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- 1 Population ageing and financing health and long-term care in Asia -- 2 China: the urban health insurance reform -- 3 Hong Kong: the mandatory health insurance reform fiasco -- 4 Japan: the long-term care insurance reform -- 5 Singapore: a compulsory long-term care insurance reform -- 6 Taiwan: the National Health Insurance reform -- 7 The Republic of Korea: integration reform -- 8 Healthy ageing in Asia -- Bibliography -- Index.

1. Achieving universal health coverage through a multi-layered social health insurance system -- 2. Population ageing and epidemiologic transitions in China -- 3. Healthcare system in the pre-reform era -- 4. Phases of health insurance reform -- 5. A multi-layered health insurance system : composition, models, and characteristics -- 6. Problems in the current multi-layered social health insurance system -- 7. Ways to ensure the financial sustainability of health insurance systems.

This book empirically examines health care financing reforms and popular responses in three major cities in East Asia: Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. It adopts a new revised version of the theory of historical institutionalism to compare and explain the divergent reform paths in these three places over the past three decades. It also examines forces that propel institutional change. The book provides three detailed case studies on the development of health care financing reforms and the politics of implementing them. It shows that health care systems in Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong

This article uses a refined version of historical institutionalism to critically examine the complex interplay of forces that shape the health insurance reform trajectory in China since the mid-1980s, problems that plague the current multi-layered social medical insurance system and solutions to these problems. It shows that achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires the government to ensure financing equity between urban and rural insured participants, access to affordable health care and the financial sustainability of medical insurance funds. Facing the challenges of rapidly aging population, the government implements a pilot scheme that integrates medical and nursing care for the elderly and a pilot long-term care insurance scheme for disabled elderly. It is expected that these two pilot schemes can provide better financial protection and quality of medical services for the elderly.

This study examines how the dynamic interaction of institutions, interests and ideas has shaped the pharmaceutical distribution system in China over time. It argues that since the 1980s, the common profit-seeking interests of drug manufacturers, drug wholesalers, hospitals and doctors have driven them to collude with each other, thereby making the pharmaceutical distribution system chaotic and ineffective. In order to reduce drug prices, this study suggests that the government implement a series of measures to stop collusion among the pharmaceutical industry, hospitals and doctors, and disconnect the interests of different parties in the pharmaceutical distribution system in order to deepen health-care reform. This study, which grew out of years of observation and reflection on health-care reform and political science, provides the most updated information about high drug prices and the development of the pharmaceutical distribution system in China. (China/GIGA)

Ethics has become more important in public administration in recent years. The problems of corruption, abuse of power, and fraud keep on arising within the government, leading to a decrease in public confidence in the government. Many governments worldwide include ethics in their reform agenda. Hong Kong, having civil servants being internationally recognized as among the least corrupt and the least bureaucratic, is no exception. The essay will examine ethics in public sector management in Hong Kong. It will be divided into six sections: (1) ethics in government and its importance, (2) the rise of ethics in public administration, (3) general ethical practices in public sector, (4) ethical practices in the Hong Kong, (5) weaknesses of ethical practices and its challenges in the Hong Kong government, and (6) conclusion. It shows that the Hong Kong government has faced ethical challenges in recent years, including being difficult to transform ethical principles, the problem of ethical dilemma, the ineffectiveness of ethical mechanism, and the line of accountability being blurred under privatization. A three-pronged approach—ethical leadership, ethical training, and ethics legislation—is recommended for maintaining the integrity of the civil service in Hong Kong.

This book addresses key questions about how Singapore is likely to develop going forward, what are the key challenges facing the state, and how isthe government going to deal with these matters. The book shows how important Lee Kuan Yew and subsequent individual leaders have been in shaping Singapore, and goes on to consider specific new challenges, including rapid population growth, migration and a changing population mix, the rise of China and possible shifts in the regional balance of power, and anxieties about the economy and an increasing global backlash against the neo-liberal free trade regime. It considers key areas of economic policy, social policy, and foreign policy, and explores the changing nature of governance. It also examines the Singapore government's effort to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall, the book provides a concise, comprehensive assessment of the current state of Singapore and its likely future direction.

"Recognizing rapidly ageing population is one key concern faced by cities and the challenge it would present to healthcare system, this book looks at ageing in China's population as well as the delivery and financing of long-term care (LTC) in China. The book compares key features of long-term care insurance (LTCI) schemes in fifteen pilot cities and evaluates the sustainability of various financing models adopted by the cities in the LTCI schemes. The book uses an interpretive case study approach to give an in-depth look into the LTC models in three pilot cities - Qingdao, Nantong, and Shanghai. The three cities represent three different models of financing and delivering LTC. To assess how effective the LTC models in these three cities are, the book uses five criteria, including utilization of medical resources, cost, equity, quality of care and sustainability. The authors also discuss how the financing and delivery of LTC can be improved in China, the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on older adults in need of LTC in the country and the implications of China's LTCI reform for other countries. The book will be a useful reference to scholars and policy makers who look at urban ageing and healthcare costs and delivery"--

Background: Chinese female adolescents engaged in sex trade and substance use are often criminalized and stigmatized. As a result of these cultural, legal and political constraints, ethical concerns can discourage investigators from engaging these adolescents in research. This paper aims to address the ethical tensions between protection and inclusion in conducting sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research with adolescents engaged in high-risk behaviours. Processes of moral reasoning, and examples and practical mechanisms in managing such ethical challenges were presented in the hope of advancing the research ethics policies and practice with adolescents. Methods: We extracted ethical issues from three previously conducted SRH studies involving 517 Chinese female adolescents. Utilizing the principles of justice, beneficence, and respect for persons as articulated in the Belmont Report as a framework, we thematically summarised the key ethical considerations regarding inclusion and protection, then examine the ethical tensions and solutions within the local context. Results: Findings suggest that the balance between protection and inclusion can be achieved by both considering the evolving decision-making capacity of adolescents as well as the level of risk. A community-based participatory approach shows promise in advancing adolescent engagement and empowerment. Ethically robust approaches contribute to the greater relevance and validity of the findings. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that it is crucial to achieve adolescents' meaningful involvement in all levels of research and interventions, researchers need to shift their perspectives of the target population from subjects to key stakeholders in design and implementation of research.

Background: Chinese female adolescents engaged in sex trade and substance use are often criminalized and stigmatized. As a result of these cultural, legal and political constraints, ethical concerns can discourage investigators from engaging these adolescents in research. This paper aims to address the ethical tensions between protection and inclusion in conducting sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research with adolescents engaged in high-risk behaviours. Processes of moral reasoning, and examples and practical mechanisms in managing such ethical challenges were presented in the hope of advancing the research ethics policies and practice with adolescents. Methods: We extracted ethical issues from three previously conducted SRH studies involving 517 Chinese female adolescents. Utilizing the principles of justice, beneficence, and respect for persons as articulated in the Belmont Report as a framework, we thematically summarised the key ethical considerations regarding inclusion and protection, then examine the ethical tensions and solutions within the local context. Results: Findings suggest that the balance between protection and inclusion can be achieved by both considering the evolving decision-making capacity of adolescents as well as the level of risk. A community-based participatory approach shows promise in advancing adolescent engagement and empowerment. Ethically robust approaches contribute to the greater relevance and validity of the findings. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that it is crucial to achieve adolescents' meaningful involvement in all levels of research and interventions, researchers need to shift their perspectives of the target population from subjects to key stakeholders in design and implementation of research.