This book explores endogenous institutional change and the global, cyclical, and power-based drivers that underpin it. A metatheoretical framework is presented to highlight the influence of path dependence, systemic cycle driven power relations, and institutional design on the development of labor institutions. The framework is applied to the USA, Germany, and China to provide a comparative economic perspective. Systemic Cycle and Institutional Change: Labor Markets in the USA, Germany and China aims to examine endogenous institutional change through analyzing the systemic cycle and bringing together global and national conceptions of capitalism. It is relevant to students and researchers interested in comparative economics, political economy, and labor economics.
Cilj je ovog teksta pokazati svrhovitost upotrebe hobsovske rezolutivno-kompozitivne metode kao uporišta za analizu povijesti moderne ekonomske misli,a naročito makroekonomije. Najprije se obrazlaže važnost rezolutivno-kompozitivne metode u djelu Daga Strpića. Zatim se pokazuju osnovna obilježja stiliziranih pomaka u paradigmama ekonomske misli (neoklasična ekonomija – kejnzijanska ekonomija – slobodnotržišna paradigma) koji u svjetlu ove reinterpretacije dobivaju strukturu rezolucije-kompozicije-rerezolucije. Nudi se i interpretacija povijesti ekonomske znanosti "nakon Hayeka" kao perioda dominacije kompozitivnog elementa, odnosno kejnzijanskih makroekonomskih koncepata koji se oslanjaju na agregate. Objašnjavaju se neoklasična sinteza i osnovne metodološke dvojbe koje je dugotrajna integracija Keynesa u mainstream pretpostavljala (uključujući izbor između agregata i agregiranih pojedinaca u osnovi konceptualizacije makroekonomije). Problematizacijom tih dvojbi prate se komplementarni odnosi dugog roka, pretpostavljene racionalnosti aktera i optimalnih slobodnotržišnih rezultata. Prikazuje se i stanje znanosti na kraju 20. i početku 21. stoljeća, odnosno Lucasovo metodološko zaoštravanje Friedmanovih ideja, kao i dovršeni oblik tog idejnog sklopa u okviru "teorije realnih poslovnih ciklusa". Ponovna dominacija rezolutivnog elementa (slobodnotržišna paradigma) koji konstituira ideju samoregulativnog tržišta oko savršeno racionalnog pojedinca dovodi nas u stvarne poteškoće: redukcija na savršeno racionalnog pojedinca (rezolutivni manevar) ne bi smjela konstituirati veću cjelinu kompozitivno ukoliko je ta redukcija nerealistična na način koji dramatično ograničava samu korisnost teorije. Stoga se zaključno otvara i pitanje primjene ovih ideja na predviđanje kriza i formuliranje odgovora na njih.
Turizam u doba pandemija postaje gotovo nemoguća djelatnost. S jedne strane, pojedinci ne putuju zbog straha, dok s druge strane države koriste mehanizme obrane poput zatvaranja granica i onemogućavanja kretanja. Takvi mehanizmi imaju geografska obilježja i geopolitički utemeljene posljedice pa geografski faktor postaje važan, a geopolitička analiza neizbježna. Zatvaranje granica u pandemiji imalo je dvostruk negativan efekt. Prvi se negativan efekt odnosi na potencijalno kršenje ljudskih prava u vidu ograničavanja prava na kretanje. U razmatranom slučaju, širenje virusa nije zaustavljeno – zaustavljeno je kretanje građana. Drugi negativan efekt odnosi se na potencijalne gubitke u gospodarstvu. U ovom slučaju zatvaranje granica utjecalo je na gospodarstvo na dva načina: prekidanjem transporta i opskrbe te zaustavljanjem turističke djelatnosti. U fokusu ovog istraživanja su mehanizmi obilježavanja prostora sigurnim odnosno nesigurnim i s time povezana geopolitika straha, koji su, uz mehanizme zatvaranja granica, ostavili trag na turizam u Hrvatskoj za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19. Analiza mjera vezanih uz zatvaranje granica te usporedna analiza podataka i noćenja u 2020. i 2021. godini ukazuju na uzorke kretanja za vrijeme pandemije, ali i potencijalne posljedice po turizam uz važnost geografskog faktora. Rad kroz promišljanja o propusnosti granica na primjeru Hrvatske i Slovenije ukazuje na tri isprepletene strategije definiranja pandemijskog prostora – zatvaranje države u obrnutu karantenu, širenje sigurnogprostora i definiranje nesigurnog prostora na koji se primjenjuje klasična karantena.
Purpose: The independence of the economic policy of national states in the European Union is a relevant and politically controversial issue as notions of lost sovereignty are often evoked by populist political options. It is therefore important to distinctly outline the actual state of affairs. Methodology: Methodology is descriptive and comparative. The article starts by surveying traditional and recent political, institutional and economic arguments on policy convergence in areas undergoing economic integration. The article continues by contrasting the complex notion of economic sovereignty and the ongoing development of economic policy constrictions of EU (and eurozone) membership. Croatia is then compared to relevant economies in key economic policies in response to the crisis of 2008/09 in order to evaluate the maneuvering room left by the various policy constrictions. Results: Particular attention is devoted to the comparison of exchange rate policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy employed by member states in response to the crisis of 2008/09. While economic independence in terms of crisis management is clearly reduced by virtue of EU and eurozone membership, its effects should not be felt as a change of policy direction in the case of Croatia. Conclusion: We conclude that the policy restrictions imposed by EU membership and expected entry into the eurozone are in line with economic restraints and exhibited national policy preferences prior to EU accession.
Purpose: The independence of the economic policy of national states in the European Union is a relevant and politically controversial issue as notions of lost sovereignty are often evoked by populist political options. It is therefore important to distinctly outline the actual state of affairs. Methodology: Methodology is descriptive and comparative. The article starts by surveying traditional and recent political, institutional and economic arguments on policy convergence in areas undergoing economic integration. The article continues by contrasting the complex notion of economic sovereignty and the ongoing development of economic policy constrictions of EU (and eurozone) membership. Croatia is then compared to relevant economies in key economic policies in response to the crisis of 2008/09 in order to evaluate the maneuvering room left by the various policy constrictions. Results: Particular attention is devoted to the comparison of exchange rate policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy employed by member states in response to the crisis of 2008/09. While economic independence in terms of crisis management is clearly reduced by virtue of EU and eurozone membership, its effects should not be felt as a change of policy direction in the case of Croatia. Conclusion: We conclude that the policy restrictions imposed by EU membership and expected entry into the eurozone are in line with economic restraints and exhibited national policy preferences prior to EU accession.
