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This conceptual paper analyses why social capital is important for learning and economic development, how it is created and its geography. It argues that with the rise of globalisation and learning-based competition, social capital is becoming valuable because it organises markets, lowering business firms' costs of co-ordinating and allowing them flexibly to connect and reconnect. The paper defines social capital as a matrix of various social relations, combined with particular normative and cognitive social institutions that facilitate co-operation and reciprocity, and suggests that social capital is formed at spatial scales lower than the national or international, because the density of matrices of social relations increases with proximity. The paper also offers a discussion of how national and regional policies may be suited for promoting social capital.

The cognitive dimension of institutions has been comparatively neglected in social science research. In particular, economists have concentrated on how institutions provide incentives. However, institutions also influence behaviours by influencing beliefs and expectations that help agents to overcome coordination problems. We explore various aspects of how institutions may align agents' beliefs, concentrating on the role of analogies in interactive decision making, and how analogies grow from experience. We illustrate our reasoning by an empirical example.

This paper views clusters as a specific spatial configuration of the economy suitable for the creation, transfer and usage of knowledge. It investigates how the modern exchange-economy becomes organised as rent-seeking firms build network relations to create knowledge and obtain resource efficiency while keeping transaction costs at bay. It moves on to consider the cluster as an emerging, self-organising, attractive alternative for interfirm relationships in cases where (global) network formation becomes a less feasible strategy. The paper empirically investigates two industries where clustering for different reasons might be considered superior to other forms of market organisation.

This book discusses creative industries from the perspectives of economics, management, psychology, law, geography, and policy. The book combines views on how creativity is turned into economic, business and social value, as well as contemporary trends, digital technologies and creative industries in emerging economies such as China and India (Verlag). - The creative industries are an important part of modern economies, recognised increasingly by governments, firms and the general public as sources of beauty and expression as well as financial value and employment. Scholars have produced growing creative industries research, but thus far this work has been distributed across fields of business and management, economics, geography, law, or studies of individual sectors or activities like design or media. This authoritative handbook collects together the distilled knowledge of these areas into a single source. It first addresses fundamentals of how creativity occurs in individuals, teams, networks and cities, then covers perspectives on how this creativity is realised as various kinds of value through work, entrepreneurs, symbolism, and stardom. The organisation of creative industries is then reviewed such as project ecologies, events, genres and user innovation. Social and economic structures and activities such as sunk costs, spillovers, brokerage and disintermediation are reviewed, and finally the Handbook addresses policy and development, examining the changing landscapes of copyright protection as well as the emerging economies forming new centres of creative industry through global value chains.This is a comprehensive reference work with twenty-seven chapters by leading international experts. (Verlag)

This book discusses creative industries from the perspectives of economics, management, psychology, law, geography, and policy. The book combines views on how creativity is turned into economic, business and social value, as well as contemporary trends, digital technologies and creative industries in emerging economies such as China and India.

This work discusses creative industries from the perspectives of economics, management, psychology, law, geography, and policy. It combines views on how creativity is turned into economic, business and social value, as well as contemporary trends, digital technologies and creative industries in emerging economies such as China and India.