Suchergebnisse

The Roma people are the largest minority in Europe and, since centuries, have suffered discrimination and hate crimes which persist currently. This paper analyzes 4,136 comments (2016–2020) about the Roma posted on an online open-access forum. Our findings suggest that the factors influencing Romanians' hostility against the Roma are: (1) the general distrust in the Romanian administrations, (2) the feeling of threat, and (3) the in-group favoritism. The article discusses strategies such as the improvement of the citizens' trust in the public administration, pragmatic interventions bottom-up which aim to increase the social pacification, the redefinition of the political correctness, and the application of situational prevention techniques to prevent hate crimes.

Abstract This paper explores antifa activists' use of doxing on Twitter against individuals perceived as alt-right militants. Following the principles of Grounded Theory, we collected 4690 tweets published by antifa users between September 2019 and September 2020 and analysed a random subsample of 1638. Results show that antifa users perceive alt-right activists as a serious threat to their worldview and seek to neutralise their activism even at the cost of making them social pariahs. To achieve that goal, antifa activists collect personal data on persons they suspect of being alt-right activists to "build a case" and then disseminate that information through different virtual social networks to the largest audience possible. The aim of doxing is to encourage other social actors to react and take actions that could be detrimental to the individual targeted. The article discusses practical and ethical implications of this kind of political-based harassment and suggests that future research on doxing could focus on antifa blogs and websites, which include sensitive information forbidden on Twitter.

This paper aims to shed light on the difficulties faced by sex workers (SW)during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out in collaboration with anon-governmental organisation (NGO) supportingSW in canton Vaud, Switzerland. Drawing on the idea, developed by Scoular (2015), that the law is not sufficient to address the problems faced by SW, we propose to consider Swiss SW'sexperiences in order to analyse interactions between the law and other societal forces in times of pandemic. We used a mixed-methods approach (observations, focus groups and questionnaires) to understand the needs of the SW, theassistancethat has been offeredto them, and the obstacles they have encountered in accessing it since March 2020. Our findings suggest that SW were confronted with a broad range of financial, administrative, psychological and relational difficulties that were conducive to health risks. We call for political responses and structural changes to promote SW's empowerment and improve their working conditions.

AbstractThis article explores the routine precautions taken by sex workers (SW) in Switzerland, a country in which sex work is a legal activity. It is based on approximately 1100 h of non-systematic participant observation spread over 18 months and 14 semi-structured interviews with indoor and outdoor SW. The findings show that SW use a series of routine precautions that overlap with the situational prevention techniques for increasing perpetrators' efforts or their perception of the risk of offending, reducing the rewards of the crime, and decreasing the provocations and perpetrators' excuses. Future tests of the efficacy of these routine precautions could help developing specific situational crime prevention techniques for deterring offences against SW.

This article highlights the research potential of the European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS), which the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights had conducted twice across Europe by 2021. It begins with an overview of the EU-MIDIS project before concentrating on the second survey (EU-MIDIS II) conducted in 2015 and 2016 (N=25,500), the database of which is available in open access. The paper focuses on the main findings of the EU-MIDIS II in Spain, where the sample was composed of migrants from North Africa and people of Roma ethnicity (N=1,563). The main findings of the survey provide helpful insights into a form of victimisation that is usually absent in official criminal statistics, yet the Spanish EU-MIDIS II database is a mine of information waiting to be exploited. This article proposes a series of analyses that could be performed, including logistic and ordinal regression, as well as mediation modelling, which could identify the variables that influence minorities' discrimination and victimisation. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the EU-MIDIS project are discussed.

Cette étude examine l'impact des évènements traumatiques subis durant l'enfance et l'adolescence (ETEA) sur les facteurs de risque liés à la délinquance sexuelle à l'âge adulte. Elle se base sur un échantillon canadien de 256 individus judiciarisés pour des crimes sexuels au Canada. Les résultats suggèrent que la présence, la durée et la diversité des ETEA sont associées à différents degrés à des comportements problématiques pendant l'adolescence, aux troubles de la personnalité et à des cognitions favorables aux crimes. Une association notable a été identifiée entre la durée des ETEA et l'abus de substances. Une grande diversité d'ETEA est liée à un risque accru d'engagement dans des carrières criminelles violentes et sexuelles. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'adopter une approche multidimensionnelle dans l'étude des conséquences des ETEA et ouvrent des perspectives concernant la prise en charge d'enfants et adolescents victimes d'évènements traumatiques ainsi que des individus judiciarisés.

This book compiles the fieldwork experiences of 55 researchers, addressing the challenges, ethical considerations, and methodologies employed to study 30 diverse populations and phenomena within Criminology and Security Studies. This volume contributes to filling a gap in academic literature by highlighting the often unspoken realities and intricacies of fieldwork. The book is systematically structured into five thematic sections: The Powerful, The Invisible, The Vulnerable, The Violent, and The Cyber. These categories encompass various aspects and dimensions of fieldwork, including managing emotional distress, negotiating access through gatekeepers, ensuring the protection of informants, and exercising discretion in navigating sensitive issues. As a scholarly resource, this book is invaluable for academics, practitioners, and students involved in criminology, security studies, anthropology, sociology, and political science. By offering in-depth reflections and insights, this volume enhances the reader's understanding of the nuances of fieldwork, and informs the development of robust and ethical research practices. Chapters 2, 9 and 11 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Talking with spies: from naïve to distrustful researcher -- Chapter 2. Doing research on, for and with Police in Canada and Switzerland: Practical and methodological insights -- Chapter 3. Research in probation settings: experience and "field policy" -- Chapter 4. Silence of the altars: Researching sexual abuse in religious institutions in Catalonia (Spain) -- Chapter 5. Studying the military: unlocking a closed organization -- Chapter 6. Researching the elites of power: the case of the parliamentarians -- Chapter 7. Challenges and complexities when researching vulnerable populations and sensitive topics: Working with women experiencing violence and homelessness -- Chapter 8. Researching party zones: Drugs, alcohol, and the night -- Chapter 9. Conducting criminological practitioner research with sex workers in Switzerland -- Chapter 10. Fieldwork and ethical challenges on criminological research with immigrants -- Chapter 11. Researching the Roma in criminology and legal studies: Experiences from urban and rural participant observation, interviews and surveys -- Chapter 12. Street children, criminological research and emotional labour: Reflections from the field -- Chapter 13. Research in child and adolescent victimization: Incentives, threats and challenges -- Chapter 14. Research with trafficking victims. Exploring methods, ethics and emotions -- Chapter 15. How to do criminological research on, for, and with children and young people -- Chapter 16. Researching imprisoned persons: Views from Spain and Latin America -- Chapter 17. Language, emotions, and access to refugee women: Ingredients for reflexivity -- Chapter 18. Gangs: Fieldwork experiences, ethical dilemmas, and emotions in youth street groups research -- Chapter 19. Exploring organized crime beyond institutional sources -- Chapter 20. How to investigate a criminal psychopath? -- Chapter 21. Researching extremists and terrorists: Reflections on interviewing hard-to-reach populations -- Chapter 22. Conducting research with, and on perpetrators of domestic and family violence: insights from Australian research -- Chapter 23. Protecting them, protecting you: tips and cautions when doing research in sexual offending -- Chapter 24. Control, confusion, and failure: Fieldwork in areas of violent conflict and limited state authority -- Chapter 25. Using ethnography to access, understand and reflect on video observation of violence -- Chapter 26. Researching cybersecurity governance: Insights from fieldwork with cybersecurity experts and end-users -- Chapter 27. Fieldwork experiences researching cybercriminals -- Chapter 28. Hidden platforms for cybercrime: Experiences investigating darknet service -- Chapter 29. Conducting psychosocial research with victims of sexting and online sexual victimization -- Chapter 30. Researching cyberbullying: A colorful palette of methods and experiences -- Chapter 31. Researching hate: Negotiating the digital as field site in the study of extremist cultures and propaganda online -- Chapter 32 Deciphering the unspoken: A collective examination of sensitive fieldwork experiences in Criminology and Security Studies.