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Since the 1990s, tourism has become a major driver of economic activity and community development in Brazil. New policies and approaches, growing expertise and investment in tourism have brought significant transformation in tourism products, destination development and community involvement. In addition Brazil will be hosting two major sport events in the years ahead, i.e. the Soccer World Cup, in 2014, and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, in 2016. Brazil offers many cultural and natural attractions but, similar to many other developing countries, it still struggles with issues such as infrastructure, accessibility, product development, service quality, market access and workforce training. This book provides an in-depth examination of tourism in Brazil, critically reviewing its development and management. The social, economic, political and environmental contexts of this emerging global power provide an intriguing backdrop. The book considers important development issues such as the changing policy context, community benefit tourism and indigenous tourism. It explores the impacts of tourism on the environment, changing community attitudes towards tourism, transport infrastructure and sustainability issues in events. Particular segments are explored including backpacker tourism, sensual tourism, adventure tourism and ecotourism and the implications for tourism research and education are examined. The book draws from theoretical foundations and practical insights, and gives voice to Brazilian researchers who are actively engaged in researching tourism. Drawing from cutting edge cross-cultural research, this original and timely book will be of interest to students, researchers and academics in the areas of Tourism, Geography and related disciplines.

Part of the Contemporary Review Series. Contemporary Tourism Reviews will provide you with critical, state-of-the-art surveys of all of the major areas of tourism study to people who are coming to a topic for the first time. Written by leading thinkers and academics in the field they provide flexible, current and topical information as an instant download

Objective This study aimed to investigate the self-study methods used by pilots while grounded and their perception of competence decline and confidence upon their return to flying. Background Previously, long absences from flying were managed on a case-by-case basis. Thousands of pilots returning to flying as the pandemic eases have burdened airline training systems. Limited research has been conducted on the decline in skills of airline pilots while operationally absent from the cockpit. Few studies have considered this topic in the context of a pandemic. Method A questionnaire study was conducted with 234 airline pilots who were grounded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Uncertainty regarding sudden and indefinite periods of grounding made it challenging to maintain motivation to self-study. This matter was aggravated by the additional financial and personal stress caused by the state of the airline industry and the outcomes of the pandemic. The participants anticipated a decline in manual flying skills as the worst outcome after being absent from the flight deck. However, these pilots proved quick to recover these skills when they resumed flying. It took significantly more time for pilots to regain proficiency in applying knowledge, procedures and compliance with regulations, situation awareness and workload management. Conclusion The study proposes recommendations for pilots and airlines to harness essential self-study practices in competency areas identified to have significantly declined. Application The outcome of this paper guides airlines, pilots and regulators in better understanding how grounded pilots observe skill decline in a broader range of competencies.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Contributors -- 1 Embarking on the Paradigm Journey -- 2 Logical Positivism in Consumer Behaviour Research -- 3 The Design Science Research Paradigm: An Instantiation of Website Benchmarking -- 4 An Application of Quasi-Experiments to Study Humour in Tourism Settings Guided by Post-Positivism -- 5 Knowledge Co-Production in Tourism and the Process of Knowledge Develop ment: Participatory Action Research -- 6 The Constructivist Paradigm and Phenomenological Qualitative Research Design -- 7 Applying the Interpretive Social Science Paradigm to Research on Tourism Education and Training -- 8 An Autoethnographic Chronicle on the Ethnographic Exploration of the Nature of Hotel Work and Hospitality in Far North Queensland -- 9 Neo-Tribalism through an Ethnographic Lens: A Critical Theory Approach -- 10 Navigating the Complex Variety of Feminisms -- 11 The Pragmatic Paradigm in Destination Competitive ness Studies: The Case of the SCUBA Diving Tourism Niche -- 12 Pragmatism in the Context of Urban Design and Tourism: A Multidisciplinary Study -- 13 In Search of an Intermediate Paradigmatic Ground: Critical Realism-Post-Positivism in Understanding Tourists' Motivation and Experiences in Asian Spas -- 14 Paradigms: A Supervisor's Perspective and Advice -- 15 Into the Future: Moving Forward with Refl ective Practice on Paradigms -- Index