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Five experiments addressed the effects of intercomponent consistency on skill acquisition in a class of cognitively demanding tasks requiring rapid integration of information and rapid application of rules. The role of consistency of external stimulus-to-rule linkage in facilitating learning and performing rule-based tasks was examined. After extensive consistent practice, subjects' performance was remarkably similar to performance observed in traditional perceptual learning tasks. This similarity suggests that mechanisms underlying perceptual learning (in visual search) and rule-based spatial learning are similar. Subjects who were trained such that consistent stimulus-to-rule association could be built up and strengthened with practice performed in a manner qualitatively and quantitatively different from subjects trained with inconsistent stimulus-to-rule relationships. This superiority of the consistent stimulus-to-rule-trained subjects over the inconsistent stimulus-to-rule subjects was even more exaggerated in dual-task situations. The data have implications for the understanding and training of skilled problem-solving tasks. When training affords development of subcomponent automatization of the problem-solving activity, the chance of memory overload is reduced. The results suggest one such trainable subcomponent-the perceptual/rule-based components.

The outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to both developed and less developed local economies. The aim of the book is to uncover the best practises in responding to a pandemic from global perspectives, as well as from a trans-disciplinary point of view. Scholars from various spheres in arts, culture, education, health, environment, business and the public sector present their perspectives on the impacts, responses and consequences for local economies and communities.
As a fundamental part of LED, the arts, culture, education, health, environment, business and the public sector domains were some of the hardest hit by the pandemic. The pandemic has certainly exposed the weaknesses of current development policies and calls for new, innovative measures in developing resilient local regions. This book will form an essential part of the development series of CENLED as it offers insight into how a global pandemic (COVID-19) impacted LED in the global North and Global South and the different responses from different spheres.

Various international scholars and associates of the PASCAL (Place, Social Capital and Learning Regions) International Observatory (Africa hub), under the auspices of the Centre for Local Economic Development (CENLED) based at the University of Johannesburg (UJ), have contributed chapters in this scholarly book. The book aims to demonstrate how a combination of globalisation, pandemics and the impact of innovation and technologies are driving towards a world in which traditional ideas are being challenged. The book carries forward a dual context and relevance: to South African social, educational, economic and cultural development, and the broader international context and action directed at how lifelong learning for all can be fostered in communities as a foundation for a just, human-centred, sustainable world. The distinctive contribution of this book to the production of a local body of knowledge lies in the symbiotic relationships between these objectives, so that South Africa could serve as a test case in working towards approaches that have a wider international significance.