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The book mainly introduces readers to the development and current status of water quality criteria (WQC) in China and other countries or areas, and proposes a minimum toxicity data requirement (MTDR; i.e., six species from three phyla) as the principle metric for deriving WQC in China. Further, ten model species from 4 different phyla are recommended as domestic test species, and the methodologies for deriving aquatic life criteria, sediment criteria, ecocriteria and nutrient criteria in China are also described in detail. In order to demonstrate the methods, several representative chemical pollutants and aquatic environments are highlighted as examples. The book provides important references for future WQC-related research in China, which will make it of great interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of environmental science, ecology and aquatic science etc.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Development of Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Organic Pollutants -- Abstract -- 1.1 Development of Aquatic Life Criteria for Nitrobenzene in China -- 1.1.1 Nitrobenzene -- 1.1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.1.1.3 Results -- 1.1.1.4 Discussion -- 1.1.1.5 Conclusions -- 1.2 Study of Water Quality Criteria for Two Kinds of PAHs -- 1.2.1 Phenanthrene -- 1.2.1.1 Introduction -- 1.2.1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.2.1.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.2.1.4 Conclusions -- 1.2.2 Benzo[a]pyrene -- 1.2.2.1 Introduction -- 1.2.2.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.2.2.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.2.2.4 Conclusions -- 1.3 Study of Water Quality Criteria for Emerging Pollutants -- 1.3.1 Triclosan (TCS) -- 1.3.1.1 Introduction -- 1.3.1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.3.1.3 Results -- 1.3.1.4 Discussion -- 1.3.1.5 Conclusions -- 1.3.2 Study on the Water Quality Criteria of PFOS in China -- 1.3.2.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.3.2.3 Results -- 1.3.2.4 Discussion -- 1.3.2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Development of Emergency Water Quality Standard for Typical Heavy Metals with Chinese Resident Ecotoxicity Data -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Collection of Published Acute Ecotoxicity Data of Six Heavy Metals -- 2.2.2 Evaluation of the Suitability of Four SSD Methods -- 2.2.3 Establishment of Methodology of Tiered Emergency WQSs -- 2.2.4 Data Analysis and Development of Emergency WQSs of Six Heavy Metals -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Freshwater Species Sensitivity of the Six Heavy Metals -- 2.3.2 The Suitability of the Four SSD Methods Assumed to Be Used to Develop the Methodology -- 2.3.3 Establishment of the Methodology of Tiered Emergency WQSs -- 2.3.4 Derivation of the Tiered Emergency WQS for Heavy Metals.

AbstractAlthough China has been the main manufacturer and consumer of phthalate esters (PAEs), human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQCs) have not been proposed for these chemicals. In this study, the distribution and bioaccumulation of six PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)) were investigated in 11 edible fish species collected from Poyang Lake, China. The results showed that the total concentrations of the six PAEs in the fish ranged between 118.63 and 819.84 μg/kg wet weight (mean of 327.50 ± 190.44 μg/kg). DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP were detected in all samples, of which DEHP and DBP were two of the most predominant phthalates, accounting for more than 90% of the total PAEs. The DEHP concentrations in fish with different habitat preferences were different, demersal species were significantly higher than pelagic species (p < 0.05). The mean natural logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs) of PAEs increased with increasing lipophilicity of the substances, which yielded the following regression equation: log BAF (L/kg) = 0.103 log Kow + 2.158 (r2 = 0.940, p < 0.05, n = 4). Using this quantitative structure–activity relationship to calculate BAFs for the remaining undetected substances (BBP and DnOP) to derive AWQCs. According to the natural parameters, the human health AWQCs relating to PAE concentrations for water and fish consumption were derived as 9.4 × 103 (DMP), 5.0 × 102 (DEP), 4.2 × 101 (DBP), 1.1 (BBP), 8.6 × 10− 2 (DEHP), and 2.0 (DnOP) μg/L. Human health risk assessment indicated that the dietary intake of DEHP may exert a carcinogenic effect on residents of the Poyang Lake region. The results provide important input to assess the health risk posed by PAEs contaminated surface water.