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This article belongs to the Special Issue Luminescence Properties of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. ; Band gap engineering of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted a huge amount of interest as a key aspect to the application of these materials in nanooptoelectronics and nanophotonics. Low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy has been employed to perform a direct measurement of the band gap in atomically thin MoxW(1−x)S2 nanoflakes. The results show a bowing effect with the alloying degree, which fits previous studies focused on excitonic transitions. Additional properties regarding the Van Hove singularities in the density of states of these materials, as well as high energy excitonic transition, have been analysed as well. ; Research supported by the Spanish MICINN (PID2019-104739GB-100/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033), Government of Aragon (project DGA E13-20R) and European Union H2020 programs "ESTEEM3" (823717), Graphene Flagship (881603), JST-CREST (JPMJCR20B1, JPMJCR20B5, JPMJCR1993) and JSPS A3 Foresight Program. ; Peer reviewed

Uncontrolled haemorrhage shock is the highest treatment priority for military trauma surgeons. Injuries to the torso area remain the greatest treatment challenge, since external dressings and compression cannot be used here. Bleeding control strategies may thus offer more effective haemostatic management in these cases. Chitosan, a linear polysaccharide derived from chitin, has been considered as an ideal material for bleeding arrest. This study evaluated the potential of chitosan-based dressings relative to commercial gauze to minimise femoral artery haemorrhage in a swine model. Stable haemostasis was achieved in animals treated with chitosan fibre (CF) or chitosan sponge (CS), resulting in stabilisation of mean arterial pressure and a substantially higher survival rate (100% vs. 0% for gauze). Pigs receiving treatment with CF or CS dressings achieved haemostasis within 3.25 ± 1.26 or 2.67 ± 0.58 min, respectively, significantly more rapidly than with commercial gauze (>100 min). Moreover, the survival of animals treated with chitosan-based dressings was dramatically prolonged (>180 min) relative to controls (60.92 ± 0.69 min). In summary, chitosan-based dressings may be suitable first-line treatments for uncontrolled haemorrhage on the battlefield, and require further investigation into their use as alternatives to traditional dressings in prehospital emergency care.