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Abstract
Drawing on ABCKID, one of the world's largest online education platforms, and its six competitors, this paper rethinks control and consent of work in the platform economy. Falling into a new category of home-based virtual platforms, ABCKID has mobilized a group of American contractors (e.g. stay-at-home moms) who were previously marginalized in the US labor market. Using interviews, surveys and online data, I found that most ABCKID contractors show high levels of job satisfaction due to their relative gains. Furthermore, although ABCKID imposes strict and direct control over contractors' work content and schedules, it opens new room for contractors to adapt to control. Contractors' adaptive practices have also made the platform's efforts to organize control as games less effective. I argue that consent of work on these platforms is not only a product of relative gains, but also a result of interactions between contractors' adaptive practices and platforms' direct controls.

Little thought has been given to the possibility that China's repressive Tibet policy could be driven largely by its fear of external forces, as opposed to the government's authoritarian nature. This article tries to explain why it was only in 1994 that Chinese authorities seriously and systematically strengthened religious control in Tibet. This had been put in place during the 1987-89 protests but never effectively enforced. The key is the Chinese leaders' perception of external threats in the post-Tiananmen era, which prompted Chinese authorities to believe that instead of being mostly an ethnic nuisance, Tibetan separatism-utilizing Tibetan Buddhism as a "weapon"-had become a "tool" wielded by "hostile Western forces" seeking ultimately to break up China. (China J/GIGA)

This article provides an empirical illustration of current disjunctive globalization dynamics, especially with regard to the transition from embodied to disembodied globalization. After an overview of a new typology of globalization designed to capture these dynamics, we introduce ABCKID (a pseudonym) and other home-based, virtual, and transnational educational platforms as cases. We illustrate how offshore English teaching conducted on these platforms took over migrated English teachers as the dominant form of foreigner-taught English learning in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on in-depth interviews, surveys, and online data, we argue in this article that this transition from embodied to disembodied globalization has been disorganized, uneven, and multidirectional. In particular, we document how the rise of digital platforms brought the global educational job market to formerly marginalized US social groups such as stay-at-home moms, military wives, and freelance artists who had been left out of the domestic labor market and migration-based global job market. Disjunctive globalization creates new forms of global inequality among contractors and produces in individual contractors a divided, "unhappy consciousness." Such complex and contradictory work experience of these formerly marginalized social groups is the micro-level manifestation of the macro-level shift from embodied to disembodied globalization.

Intro -- Series Editors Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Trends, Reasons, and Impacts of International Student Mobility: A Chinese Perspective -- Introduction -- Defining International Student -- Trends of International Student Mobility -- The Uneven Flow of International Students Worldwide -- The Flow of Chinese Students to the United States -- "Parachute Kids": An Asian Phenomenon -- Where Do International Students Go and Why -- Push and Pull Factors -- Push-and-Pull Factors for Chinese Students -- Patterns and Impact of International Student Mobility -- Uneven Flow of Students and World System Theory -- Economic Impact and the Human Capital Framework -- Description of the Book -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Making Waves: A Historical Perspective on Overseas Chinese Students and China's Quest for Modernization -- Introduction -- Yung Wing, the Forerunner of Overseas Chinese Students -- The First Wave: The Chinese Educational Mission (1872-1881) -- Chinese Context and Motives -- American Context and Motives -- Arrangement and Life in America -- Termination of the Mission -- Contributions by Yung Wing and the 120 "Fortunate Sons" -- Sun Yat-Sen in Hawaii -- The Second Wave (1890s-1940s) -- The 1895 Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Students in Japan -- The Boxer Indemnity Scholarship and Studying in America (1909-1940s) -- The Dilemma of Making Waves: Comparing and Contrasting -- Moving Forward with the Third Wave -- References -- Chapter 3: An Overview of China's Education -- Introduction -- An Overview of the Scale and Quality of China's Education -- The Proportion and Scale of Education at Each Level -- The Stratification and Selection of Education in China -- The Contrast of Public Education and Private Education -- The Internationalized Reform of Basic Education in China.

Abstract. This paper proposes a statistical model for mapping global landslide susceptibility based on logistic regression. After investigating explanatory factors for landslides in the existing literature, five factors were selected for model landslide susceptibility: relative relief, extreme precipitation, lithology, ground motion and soil moisture. When building the model, 70 % of landslide and nonlandslide points were randomly selected for logistic regression, and the others were used for model validation. To evaluate the accuracy of predictive models, this paper adopts several criteria including a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. Logistic regression experiments found all five factors to be significant in explaining landslide occurrence on a global scale. During the modeling process, percentage correct in confusion matrix of landslide classification was approximately 80 % and the area under the curve (AUC) was nearly 0.87. During the validation process, the above statistics were about 81 % and 0.88, respectively. Such a result indicates that the model has strong robustness and stable performance. This model found that at a global scale, soil moisture can be dominant in the occurrence of landslides and topographic factor may be secondary.

Frontline employees can generate tremendous value for both the customer and the organization through innovation. While prior research has revealed that frontline employees' emotional labor significantly affects their own creativity, it is unclear whether it has a spillover effect on other frontline employees (i.e., co-workers) and how it shapes their behaviors, especially proactive innovation behavior. Based on emotion-as-social-information (EASI) theory, we construct a mechanism model to illustrate this aforementioned spillover effect. By analyzing the questionnaires collected from 268 frontline employees in China, we found that (1) deep acting (surface acting) of co-worker influences frontline employee's proactive innovation behavior positively (negatively); (2) affective commitment plays a mediating role between emotional labor and proactive innovation behavior; and (3) emotional sensitivity reinforces the positive (negative) effect of deep acting (surface acting) on proactive innovation behavior. The conclusions provide valuable insight into understanding the spillover effects of emotional labor among frontline employees.