O escopo deste artigo é argumentar que uma comparação entre o filósofo francês Maurice Merleau-Ponty e o americano Donald Davidson nos dá uma grande oportunidade de avançar ainda mais no diálogo entre as tradições continental e analítica. A partir das noções de linguagem e intersubjetividade procura-se mostrar que, embora as diferenças entre esses dois autores já foram amplamente discutidas na literatura acadêmica, suas semelhanças permanecem ignoradas em muitos aspectos importantes. Nossa argumentação terá como fio condutor pensar a relação entre a percepção e o mundo das operações linguísticas.
El tema central de este artículo se centra en los debates en torno a la participación y el papel movilizador de los consejos. El artículo presenta las tensiones presentes en los consejos, derivadas de su vaciado sistémico de las funciones "tradicionales", para avanzar con respecto a su papel político de movilización. Con este fin, presentamos la génesis de los consejos seguida de siete tesis sobre la perspectiva de democratización del WEC, presentando sus consecuentes antítesis e indicando al lector la tarea de reflexionar sobre sus respectivas síntesis. Vale la pena mencionar que la autonomía de los consejos y concejales es parte de los procesos democráticos de la organización municipal de políticas de educación pública, es decir, tiene relación con un proyecto colectivo de sociedad justa e igualitaria, lo que implica tener acceso a patrimonios materiales, sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas. ; The central issue of this article focuses on the debates surrounding the participation and mobilizing role of councils. The article presents the tensions present in the councils, originating from their systemic emptying of "traditional" functions, to an advance with regard to its political role of mobilization. To this end, we present the genesis of the councils followed by seven theses on the democratization perspective of the CME, presenting its consequent antitheses and indicating to the reader the task of reflecting on their respective syntheses. It is worth mentioning that the autonomy of councils and councilors is part of the democratic processes of the municipal organization of public education policies, that is, it is related to a collective project of a just and egalitarian society, which implies having access to material, social, cultural, economic and political goods. ; A questão central deste artigo focaliza os debates que giram em torno da participação e papel mobilizador dos conselhos. O artigo apresenta os tensionamentos presentes nos conselhos, originários de seu esvaziamento sistêmico de funções "tradicionais", para um avanço no que diz respeito ao seu papel político de mobilização; para tanto faz-se uma apresentação da gênese dos conselhos seguida por sete teses sobre a perspectiva de democratização do CME, apresentando suas consequentes antíteses e indicando ao leitor a tarefa de fazer uma reflexão quanto às respectivas sínteses. Vale dizer que a autonomia dos conselhos e dos conselheiros se insere no campo dos processos democráticos da organização municipal das políticas públicas de educação, ou seja, está relacionada a um projeto coletivo de sociedade justa e igualitária, o que implica ter acesso aos bens materiais, sociais, culturais, econômicos e políticos.
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una crítica de la construcción narrativa acerca de la acción heroica del Estado republicano frente a pueblos indígenas en Brasil, centrada en la creación de una agencia del gobierno —el Servicio de Protección a los Indios en 1910— por diversos actores sociales, donde sobresalen los militares positivistas. Esto se hace mostrando cómo la versión de "heroico", una auto-imagen del grupo creador de la agencia, pasó a verdad científica a través de la obra del antropólogo Darcy Ribeiro. El objetivo de este análisis es ofrecer elementos para la apertura de nuevas posibilidades interpretativas, incluso dando relevancia a la acción indigenista en muchas ocasiones.
Este artigo apresenta um diagnóstico das ações ambientais realizadas pela Unicentro, visando à implantação de uma Agenda Ambiental. O estudo faz parte da Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Políticas Públicas da UNIVALI. Por questões de espaço, apresenta-se aqui apenas a análise referente à qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho. O referencial teórico é formado pelos conceitos de Sustentabilidade e Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública. Em relação aos resultados, conclui-se que a universidade ainda precisa melhorar muito as suas ações, para que possa ter efetivamente uma Agenda Ambiental implantada.
Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the "attack" made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a "field of anthropology" and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime's developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.
Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the "attack" made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a "field of anthropology" and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime's developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.
The project IMPACT-HTA has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 779312. ; Background: The lack of transparency in the methodology of unit cost estimation and the usage of confidential or undisclosed information prevents cost comparisons and makes the transferability of the results across countries difficult. The objective of this article is to compare the methodologies used in the estimation of the cost of a day case cataract extirpation that are described in the official and publicly available sources and to study how these translate into different unit cost estimates. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify the main sources of unit costs of cataract extirpation. A semistructured questionnaire to obtain information on national costing methodologies was developed and sent to consortium partners in nine European countries. Additionally, publicly available sources of unit cost of cataract surgery in those countries included in the European Healthcare and Social Cost Database (EU HCSCD) were analysed. Results: The findings showed a considerable diversity across countries on unit costs varying from 432.5€ in Poland (minor degree of severity) to 3411.96€ in Portugal (major degree of severity). In addition, differences were found in the year of cost publication and on the level of detail of different types of cataract surgery. The unit of activity were Diagnosis-Related Groups in all countries except Slovenia. All unit costs include direct costs and variable overheads (except Germany where nursing costs are financed separately). Differences were identified in the type of fixed overheads included in unit costs. Methodological documents explaining the identification, measurement and evaluation of resources included in the unit costs, as well as use of appropriate cost drivers are publicly available only in England, Portugal and Sweden. Conclusions: We can conclude that while unit costs of cataract extirpation are publicly available, the information on methodological aspects is scarce. This appears to pose a significant problem for cross-country comparisons of costs and transferability of results from one country to another. ; European Commission 779312
