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This study analyzes how social media users' attitudes influence their perceptions regarding the attributes of news agency content and their intentions to purchase digital subscriptions. Their attitudes toward production activities influence their purchasing intentions and affect their use time of social media and news. Furthermore, their attitudes toward production activities influence their news perceptions and, subsequently, their perceptions of the attributes of news agency content. Because of these variables, their attitudes toward production activities affect their purchasing intentions. Social media users' attitudes toward use activities influence their intentions to purchase digital subscriptions through their perceptions of the attributes of the content. The more often people use social media, the more they are likely to consume news. However, news use time does not influence purchasing intentions. Daily use of news agency content is controlled.

Online news production is guided by journalists' institutional orientation such as monitoring and imitation, which can result from power relations among popular news websites. Bourdieu suggested that news media are positioned within a set of economic and symbolic power relations. Given this framework, this study investigates how 13 popular Korean news websites respond to headlines of top online stories on their competitor websites by tracking the headlines on an hourly basis during one consecutive week. The results indicate that the top-ranked news websites often initiate the posting of headlines, whereas others simply follow the headlines by posting similar headlines. But symbolic power relations are not straightforward, because the leading news websites imitate the headlines posted by intermediary or following news websites. Power relations for the production of online news are a complex and fast phenomenon.

This study examined the causal relationships among the issue agendas of three online news media in South Korea during two time periods. The issue agendas of the two online newspapers at Time 1 influenced the issue agendas of the online wire service at Time 2. The online wire service did not influence the issue agendas of the two newspapers during the same time periods. The leading online newspaper influenced the issue agendas of both the secondary online newspaper and the online wire service. The findings extend intermedia agenda-setting studies to the online environment.

This is the author's accepted manuscript, made available with the permission of the publisher. Copyright 2009 Oxford University Press ; Public opinion is likely to be susceptible to the way a government and the news media frame foreign countries, because unlike domestic issues, foreign news is typically beyond a person's direct experience. How does the American public respond to foreign news when its government and the news media promote competing frames and change their prominence according to the relations between the U.S. and that foreign country? The present study shows this frame building and frame effects by using a public opinion poll and content analysis of U.S. policy statements and media coverage. North Korea was chosen because its visibility to the American public has increased since President George W. Bush designated it as one of the countries in the "axis of evil". The results show that during a four-month period, the U.S. government and the newspaper produced three competing frames, and that the magnitude of the frames shifted as U.S.–North Korean relationships shifted. These shifts in turn made the American public choose economic sanctions over military solutions toward the country.