Towards concentration and decentralization: The evolution of urban spatial structure of Chinese cities, 2001–2016
In: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Band 80, S. 101425
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In: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Band 80, S. 101425
In: Regional studies: official journal of the Regional Studies Association, Band 56, Heft 1, S. 113-127
ISSN: 1360-0591
In: Growth and change: a journal of urban and regional policy, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 114-129
ISSN: 1468-2257
AbstractWhile suburban areas have been typically related with urban sprawl, low density, cheap land price and low‐end manufacturing industries, relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial organization of innovation in suburban areas. In some Chinese cities, development zones (kai fa qu) in their suburban areas which are generally regarded as major spaces for traditional manufacturing industries have been transforming into spaces for innovation. This paper provides a case study of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province in Eastern China by investigating and explaining the learning and innovation processes in suburban development zones. Drawing upon a unique database on 733 state‐certified high‐tech firms in Nanjing from 2008 to 2012 which contains detailed information on their addresses and number of patents, we observe strong spatial disparity in the distribution of innovation. Suburban districts of Nanjing where its three national‐level development zones and many provincial‐level development zones are located have become major spaces for innovation of the city. The planning of industrial clusters in development zones, the place‐based investment in the suburbs, and the suburbanization of universities are three major mechanisms behind the learning and innovation processes in Nanjing's suburban development zones.
In: Regional studies: official journal of the Regional Studies Association, Band 51, Heft 7, S. 1035-1047
ISSN: 1360-0591
In: Urban studies, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 443-460
ISSN: 1360-063X
Recent work on world city networks, urban polycentricity and megapolitan urban forms share an interest in the economic functionality of inter-city linkages. The intersection of these bodies of literature is in the often overlooked defining features of megalopolitan forms – their being the 'hub' that links national to international urban systems and the 'incubator' within national urban systems (Gottmann, 1976). With this intersection in mind, this paper measures the functional polycentricity of China's Yangtze River Delta Region (YRDR) at different geographical scales from an intercity knowledge collaboration perspective. The paper uses data on co-publications as an indicator of knowledge linkages between cities within and beyond this megalopolis. The YRDR can be seen as functionally polycentric at the megapolitan scale but this functional polycentricity decreases with increases in the geographical scale at which interurban linkages are considered. Furthermore, a multi-scalar analysis of functional polycentricity helps identify the hub role of Shanghai. The results show that Shanghai's knowledge hub role is currently present at the national scale. It may take some time for Shanghai to become a knowledge hub at the global scale given its not-so-strong international links and relatively weak local links. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research agendas.
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 114, S. 105920
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: Urban studies, Band 58, Heft 12, S. 2405-2423
ISSN: 1360-063X
Despite the two key defining features of megalopolises as incubators and hinges in a globalising knowledge economy, how intercity knowledge flows could shape the polycentric structure of the science system of a megalopolis has only gained popularity in recent years. This study focuses on measuring and explaining the evolving knowledge polycentricity of the science system of China's Greater Bay Area (GBA) megalopolis during the 1990–2016 period. Our empirical results are generally robust when we adopt different measurement approaches and draw upon different publication databases. Overall, the degrees of knowledge polycentricity at different geographical scales have been generally increasing during the study period, though with some fluctuations. In addition, the degree of knowledge polycentricity becomes smaller at higher geographical scales. The mechanisms behind the evolving knowledge polycentricity have been further investigated from the proximity perspective. The increasing geographical proximity, institutional proximity and social proximity between cities within and beyond the GBA megalopolis have contributed to the strengthening knowledge polycentricity of its science system at different geographical scales.
In: Environment and planning. A, Band 52, Heft 5, S. 825-828
ISSN: 1472-3409
Despite the growing number of foreign applications for patents in China, the spatial distribution of countries that have applied for patents in China, as well as its evolution, has yet to be investigated. By using cartograms, this paper aims to show the evolving distribution of countries that have applied for patents in China from 1987 to 2017. First, we find that the number of patents applied for in China has been far from evenly distributed across countries. Rather, it has been mainly concentrated in several countries such as Japan, the USA, and Germany. Second, the distribution pattern changed a lot during the first decade of the study period and has remained relatively stable over the last two decades. Third, recent years have also seen an increasing number of patent applications in China by some offshore financial markets like the Cayman Islands, where many high-tech companies are registered.
In: Environment and planning. A, Band 52, Heft 4, S. 702-706
ISSN: 1472-3409
As the world's largest carbon emitter, China is under great pressure to cut down carbon emissions. Understanding the evolution of carbon emissions across Chinese cities is important for policymakers when allocating carbon emission quota among these cities. This paper draws upon the Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 to calculate city-level per capita carbon emissions in China from 2001 to 2016. Overall, we find that per capita carbon emissions of Chinese cities have been generally on the rise during the 2001–2016 period. However, there has been on average a modest decline in per capita carbon emissions of cities in China's Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region from 2011 to 2016, after a remarkable increase during the 2001–2011 period. Besides, the average north-south gap has been enlarged, with northern cities having a relatively higher level of per capita carbon emissions.
In: Environment and planning. A, Band 51, Heft 4, S. 823-826
ISSN: 1472-3409
In: Habitat international: a journal for the study of human settlements, Band 42, S. 76-82
World's human dynamics can be parameterized with metrics that explain the current model of economic growth and its sustainability. Changes in the world's human dynamics are crucial for understanding the current state of the world, which is faced with increasing challenges related to globalization. In this paper, we propose to analyze the shifting locations of centers of gravity of four basic global indicators (these are Gross Domestic Product, carbon dioxide emissions, population, and urban population) for the period 1960–2016. The spatial locations of the respective centers of gravity (one per year) draw some traces that explain, at least partially, relevant changes on different world's human dynamics at a global level. These traces and dynamics are further discussed. In addition, these traces are fundamental for predicting upcoming trends for the next few years. Results shown here may help political leaders and policymakers for solving upcoming and future global challenges related to the current economic system and its impact on the environment.
BASE
World's human dynamics can be parameterized with metrics that explain the current model of economic growth and its sustainability. Changes in the world's human dynamics are crucial for understanding the current state of the world, which is faced with increasing challenges related to globalization. In this paper, we propose to analyze the shifting locations of centers of gravity of four basic global indicators (these are Gross Domestic Product, carbon dioxide emissions, population, and urban population) for the period 1960–2016. The spatial locations of the respective centers of gravity (one per year) draw some traces that explain, at least partially, relevant changes on different world's human dynamics at a global level. These traces and dynamics are further discussed. In addition, these traces are fundamental for predicting upcoming trends for the next few years. Results shown here may help political leaders and policymakers for solving upcoming and future global challenges related to the current economic system and its impact on the environment.
BASE
In: Urban Planning, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 135-147
This article analyzes the impact of the level of urban polycentricity (UP) on particulate matter emissions from vehicles (PMV) across 102 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2015. We adopt a spatial panel modeling approach to our measures of UP and PMV, controlling for (possible) intervening effects such as population density and economic output. We observe an inverted U-shaped relationship between both measures: When UP is low, an increase in polycentricity is associated with higher levels of PMV; however, when UP reaches a certain threshold, the increase in polycentricity is associated with a reduction in PMV. We find a similar relationship between economic output and PMV and demonstrate how the effects of population density on PMV consist of two opposite processes that likely offset each other. Nonetheless, jointly, population density and UP have a significant effect on PMV. We use our results to discuss policy implications and identify avenues for further research.