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Frontmatter -- Contents -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF TABLES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CHAPTER ONE. Introduction -- CHAPTER TWO. Abortion Law and Practice -- CHAPTER THREE. Economic Models of Fertility and Abortion -- CHAPTER FOUR. Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Policy Changes -- CHAPTER FIVE. The Impact of Abortion Legalization -- CHAPTER SIX. The Impact of Restrictions on Abortion Access -- CHAPTER SEVEN. Abortion Policy in an International Perspective -- CHAPTER EIGHT. Unfinished Business -- CHAPTER NINE. Summary and Implications for Abortion Policy -- Notes -- Refferences -- Index

This report addresses the lack of transparency in the college pricing system, past attempts to address the problem, and proposals to do more in the future, with a particular focus on selective, private higher educational institutions. Despite recent federal legislation, students still have limited ability to anticipate the costs of college. Survey evidence indicates that the majority of students know no price other than the stated college tuition, despite the fact that many students would be expected to pay considerably less. For many young Americans, this information deficit reduces the likelihood that they will attend collegeand it reduces the quality of the institutions for those that do attend. ; Economic Studies at Brookings

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of high‐fatality school shootings on the subsequent outcomes of the survivors of those events. We focus specifically on the shootings at Columbine High School (Littleton, CO), Sandy Hook Elementary (Newtown, CT), and Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL). We assess the subsequent educational record, including attendance and test scores, and the long‐term health consequences of surviving students. In all analyses, we treat the timing and location of these events as random, enabling us to identify causal effects. Our results indicate that these high‐fatality school shootings led to substantial reductions in attendance and test scores. These educational effects appear to be larger than the effects of shootings with fewer fatalities estimated by others. Children who survived the Columbine shooting were more likely to die by age 30, particularly among boys. They experienced higher levels of suicide and accidental poisonings (overdoses).

AbstractWe examine how the racial wealth gap interacts with financial aid in American higher education to generate a disparate impact on college access and outcomes. Retirement savings and home equity are excluded from the formula used to estimate the amount a family can afford to pay. All else equal, omitting those assets mechanically increases the financial aid available to families that hold them. White families are more likely to own those assets and in larger amounts. We document this issue and explore its relationship with observed differences in college attendance, types of institutions attended, degrees attained, and education debt using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We show that this treatment of assets provides an implicit subsidy worth thousands of dollars annually to students from families with above‐median incomes. White students receive larger subsidies relative to Black students and Hispanic students with similar family incomes, and this gap in subsidies is associated with disadvantages in educational advancement and student loan levels. It may explain 10 percent to 15 percent of white students' advantage in these outcomes relative to Black students and Hispanic students.

A substantial number of American children experience poverty: about 17 percent of those under the age of eighteen meet the government's definition, and the proportion is even greater within minority groups. Childhood poverty can have lifelong effects, resulting in poor educational, labor market, and physical and mental health outcomes for adults. These problems have long been recognized, and there are numerous programs designed to alleviate or even eliminate poverty; as these programs compete for scarce resources, it is important to develop a clear view of their impact as tools for poverty all