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International audience ; In most images that represent butchers in France since the Middle Ages, the animal's blood and death are often eclipsed or softened, except for the realistic photographs of slaughterhouses in the 20th century. The will to conceal blood shows the butchers' will to build an honourable image of themselves. This quest for respectability is obvious if you look at the ceremony clothes worn by butchers during civil and religious celebrations. In the 19th century, as the trade of butcher retailer becomes more specific, a dress code emerges around the white apron, which will soon be claimed as a symbol of community and pride. In the 1930s and the 1940s for example, the apron is clearly used by butcher shopkeepers as a symbol of their corporative hand-crafted identity, with a political connotation – that of conservatism – which is clearly accepted under the Vichy regime. ; Dans la plupart des images représentant des bouchers en France depuis le Moyen Âge, le sang et la mort de l'animal sont souvent occultés ou atténués, hormis les photographies réalistes d'abattoirs du XXe siècle. Cette occultation volontaire du sang marque la volonté des bouchersde construire une image d'honorabilité. Cette recherche de la respectabilité apparait clairement dans les costumes de fête portés par les bouchers lors des cérémonies civiles ou religieuses. Quand le métier de boucher détaillant se spécialise au XIXe siècle, un code vestimentaire se construit autour du tablier blanc, qui va assez vite être revendiqué comme un symbole de fierté communautaire. Dans les années 1930 et 1940 notamment, le tablier blanc est clairement utilisé par les patrons bouchers comme un symbole de leur identité artisanale corporative, avec une connotation politique conservatrice ouvertement assumée sous Vichy.

International audience ; In most images that represent butchers in France since the Middle Ages, the animal's blood and death are often eclipsed or softened, except for the realistic photographs of slaughterhouses in the 20th century. The will to conceal blood shows the butchers' will to build an honourable image of themselves. This quest for respectability is obvious if you look at the ceremony clothes worn by butchers during civil and religious celebrations. In the 19th century, as the trade of butcher retailer becomes more specific, a dress code emerges around the white apron, which will soon be claimed as a symbol of community and pride. In the 1930s and the 1940s for example, the apron is clearly used by butcher shopkeepers as a symbol of their corporative hand-crafted identity, with a political connotation – that of conservatism – which is clearly accepted under the Vichy regime. ; Dans la plupart des images représentant des bouchers en France depuis le Moyen Âge, le sang et la mort de l'animal sont souvent occultés ou atténués, hormis les photographies réalistes d'abattoirs du XXe siècle. Cette occultation volontaire du sang marque la volonté des bouchersde construire une image d'honorabilité. Cette recherche de la respectabilité apparait clairement dans les costumes de fête portés par les bouchers lors des cérémonies civiles ou religieuses. Quand le métier de boucher détaillant se spécialise au XIXe siècle, un code vestimentaire se construit autour du tablier blanc, qui va assez vite être revendiqué comme un symbole de fierté communautaire. Dans les années 1930 et 1940 notamment, le tablier blanc est clairement utilisé par les patrons bouchers comme un symbole de leur identité artisanale corporative, avec une connotation politique conservatrice ouvertement assumée sous Vichy.

International audience ; Like most guilds during the Ancien Régime, Parisian butchers are very much attached to catholicism. This attachment can be seen in the growing number of local brotherhoods and the numerous religious foundations in the parish of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, the butchers' main religious center from the fifteenth-century to the Revolution. One of the particularities of this profession in Paris lies in the restoration of a guild between 1802 and 1858, which made it easier to fund of charitable works and religious ceremonies until the fall of the Second Empire. The butchers' attachment to the Christian and paternalist values of their trade can also be felt in the twentieth-century in the action of a rather dynamic Catholic Trade Union, which benefits from the staunch support of employers, notably during the Vichy government. ; Comme la plupart des corporations d'Ancien Régime, les bouchers parisiens sont très attachés au catholicisme. Cet attachement se manifeste par la multiplication des confréries dans les quartiers et de nombreuses fondations pieuses dans la paroisse Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, principal centre de la vie religieuse des bouchers du XVe siècle jusqu'à la Révolution. Une des particularités de cette profession à Paris est qu'une corporation est rétablie entre 1802 et 1858, ce qui facilite le financement d'aides charitables et de cérémonies religieuses jusqu'à la chute du Second Empire. L'attachement des bouchers aux valeurs chrétiennes, artisanales et paternalistes se manifeste encore au XXe siècle par l'action d'une Union Professionnelle catholique assez dynamique, qui bénéficie de soutiens patronaux importants, notamment sous le régime de Vichy.

International audience ; Like most guilds during the Ancien Régime, Parisian butchers are very much attached to catholicism. This attachment can be seen in the growing number of local brotherhoods and the numerous religious foundations in the parish of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, the butchers' main religious center from the fifteenth-century to the Revolution. One of the particularities of this profession in Paris lies in the restoration of a guild between 1802 and 1858, which made it easier to fund of charitable works and religious ceremonies until the fall of the Second Empire. The butchers' attachment to the Christian and paternalist values of their trade can also be felt in the twentieth-century in the action of a rather dynamic Catholic Trade Union, which benefits from the staunch support of employers, notably during the Vichy government. ; Comme la plupart des corporations d'Ancien Régime, les bouchers parisiens sont très attachés au catholicisme. Cet attachement se manifeste par la multiplication des confréries dans les quartiers et de nombreuses fondations pieuses dans la paroisse Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, principal centre de la vie religieuse des bouchers du XVe siècle jusqu'à la Révolution. Une des particularités de cette profession à Paris est qu'une corporation est rétablie entre 1802 et 1858, ce qui facilite le financement d'aides charitables et de cérémonies religieuses jusqu'à la chute du Second Empire. L'attachement des bouchers aux valeurs chrétiennes, artisanales et paternalistes se manifeste encore au XXe siècle par l'action d'une Union Professionnelle catholique assez dynamique, qui bénéficie de soutiens patronaux importants, notamment sous le régime de Vichy.

As most of the corporations of the Former Regime, the Parisian butchers are very attached to Catholicism. This commitment is reflected in the growing number of confreeries in neighbourhoods and many pioneering foundations in the parish of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, the main centre of religious life for butchers from the 19th century to the Revolution. One of the particularities of this profession in Paris is that a corporation is restored between 1802 and 1858, making it easier to finance charitable aid and religious ceremonies until the fall of the Second Empire. The attachment of butchers to Christian, artisanal and paternalistic values is still evident in the 20th century through the action of a rather dynamic Catholic Professional Union, which enjoys strong employers' support, particularly under the Vichy regime. ; International audience Like most guilds during the Ancien Régime, Parisian butchers are very much attached to catholicism. This attachment can be seen in the growing number of local brotherhoods and the numerous religious foundations in the parish of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, the butchers' main religious center from the fifteenth-century to the Revolution. One of the particularities of this profession in Paris lies in the restoration of a guild between 1802 and 1858, which made it easier to fund of charitable works and religious ceremonies until the fall of the Second Empire. The butchers' attachment to the Christian and paternalist values of their trade can also be felt in the twentieth-century in the action of a rather dynamic Catholic Trade Union, which benefits from the staunch support of employers, notably during the Vichy government. ; As most of the corporations of the Former Regime, the Parisian butchers are very attached to Catholicism. This commitment is reflected in the growing number of confreeries in neighbourhoods and many pioneering foundations in the parish of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, the main centre of religious life for butchers from the 19th century to the ...