Suchergebnisse

Background: The pandemic COVID-19 has had an impact on various sectors. One of those affected is teenagers. During the pandemic, teenagers are unable to carry out activities such as school and extracurricular activities. This can affect risky behavior in adolescents if adolescents do not have the knowledge to prevent it. Community-based peer educator training during the pandemic COVID-19 is urgently needed by youth as agents of change. Health promotion by involving youth has a more effective impact.Objective: This study aims to determine the application of community-based peer educator training on an adolescent knowledge and an attitudes in preventing risky behavior during the pandemic.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The research location is Village A, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out with a sample paired t test and using SPSS supporting software.Results: Statistically, the results showed that adolescents' knowledge after receiving the training material increased compared to before and had a significance (p-value=0.01). The attitude of adolescents after receiving the material increased compared to before and had a significance (p-value = 0.01).Conclusion: Training peer educator based on community during the pandemic was effective on adolescent knowledge and attitudes to prevent risk behavior.Recommendation: There needs to be a joint commitment (BKKBN, educational institutions through the PIKM forum and village government) so that training peer educator based on community is more optimal and sustainable.

Sorghum bicolor that includes in the family Poaceae has very high potency to support the nationalprogram of staple food diversification and bioenergy in Indonesia. Sorghum has been cultivated fora long time ago, especially in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province. In Indonesia, sorghum is notexplisitely mentioned as part or priority of national staple food officially. Since 2005 - 2011, thepruduction and productivity of sorghum in Indonesia increased, however the sorghum harvest areadecreased. Program of sorghum development has been conducted by State-Owned EnterpriseIndonesia (BUMN) during and after that period, including at Kupang, NTT. The aim of the study wasto find out sorghum cultivation areas, productions, cultivation system and utilization at Kupangdistrict. Literature studies, data collections from 2005, surveys, interviews and discussions with thefarmer groups, women groups and staff of local government have also been conducted in 2016.Sorghum was cultivated at 1 district until 21 districts per year in Kupang regency during 2005 until2015, with total harvested area of 3 ha - 1874 ha and production in between 3 ton – 1499 ton peryear. Productivity of sorghum plants at Kupang was still low namely in between 0.55 ton – 1.10 tonper ha.

The current study makes use of life cycle assessment to evaluate the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) savings in coal electricity generation by 5% co-firing with sorghum pellets. The research models the utilization of 100 thousand hectares of under-utilized marginal land in Flores (Indonesia) for biomass sorghum cultivation. Based on equivalent energy content, 1.12 tons of pellets can substitute one ton of coal. The calculated fossil energy ratio of the pellets was 5.8, indicating that the production of pellets for fuel is energetically feasible. Based on a biomass yield of 48 ton/ha·yr, 4.8 million tons of pellets can be produced annually. In comparison with a coal system, the combustion of only pellets to generate 8,300 GWh of electricity can reduce global warming impacts by 7.9 million tons of CO2-eq, which is equivalent to an 85% reduction in GHG emissions. However, these results changed when reduced biomass yield of 24 ton/ha·yr, biomass loss, field emissions, and incomplete combustion were considered in the model. A sensitivity analysis of the above factors showed that the potential GHG savings could decrease from the initially projected 85% to as low as 70%. Overall, the production of sorghum pellets in Flores and their utilization for electricity generation can significantly reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and contribute to climate change mitigation. Some limitations to these conclusions were also discussed herein. The results of this scenario study can assist the Indonesian government in exploring the potential utilization of marginal land for bioenergy development, both in Indonesia and beyond.