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The questions presented to the Joint International Commission appointed under the terms of Articles VI and XV of the treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama, ratified February 26, 1904, were of so unusual a character that a brief statement of the principles formulated by the Commission will probably be of interest to students of international law.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- 1 Understanding Asian Organized Crime -- 1.1 Purpose of this Book -- 1.2 Defining and Conceptualizing Asian Organized Crime -- 1.2.1 Definition of Asian Organized Crime -- 1.2.2 The Nature of Asian Organized Crime -- 1.2.3 Types of Asian Organized Crime Activities -- 1.2.4 Asian Organized Crime Enterprises -- 1.3 Development of Asian Organized Crime -- 1.3.1 General Development -- 1.3.2 Development After 2008 -- 1.4 Asian Organized Crime and the "Anglosphere" States -- 1.5 Chapter Conclusion -- References -- 2 Theories and Analytical Framework -- 2.1 Transnational Organized Crime in a Global Context -- 2.1.1 TOC and Globalization -- 2.1.2 TOC in the Post-Cold War Era -- 2.1.3 Recent Development of TOC -- 2.2 Transnational Organized Crime as an Unconventional Security Threat -- 2.2.1 TOC as an Unconventional Threat to National and Regional Security -- 2.2.2 Asian Organized Crime as an Unconventional Security Threat to Nation-States -- 2.3 IR Theories and Transnational Organized Crime Theoretical Model -- 2.3.1 Perspectives from Major IR Theories -- 2.3.2 Developing a Neoclassical Realism Analytical Model -- 2.4 Transnational Organized Crime Policy Response Model -- 2.4.1 Independent and Dependent Variables -- 2.4.2 Intervening Unit-Level Variables: Perception and Institutions -- 2.4.3 Research Methodology -- 2.5 Chapter Conclusion -- References -- 3 Asian Organized Crime in the United States: Perception, Institutions, and Policy Responses -- 3.1 Impact -- 3.1.1 Overview of Asian Organized Crime in the United States -- 3.1.2 Type of Asian Organized Crime Activities in the United States -- 3.1.3 Impacts of Asian Organized Crime in the United States -- 3.2 Domestic Factors -- 3.2.1 Perception -- 3.2.2 Legal Institutions -- 3.2.3 Domestic Institutions -- 3.3 Policy Responses.