Suchergebnisse

Consumer research suggests product purchases are influenced by whether a product is seen as hedonic or utilitarian and whether the consumer is given several choices or just one. For example, Okada (2005) found people prefer hedonic alternatives when choices are presented singly, but
choose utilitarian options in joint presentations. She theorized that this preference reversal is due to guilt over hedonic purchases.This study was designed to investigate choices in a sales promotion context. Forty-two university student volunteers were divided into five groups. Four
of the groups read a description of one of four 15 promotional offers (plain t-shirt, school t-shirt, designer t-shirt, 15 in cash) and the fifth saw all four offers; respondents were asked whether the offer(s) would prompt them to travel to a store 20 miles away to purchase a 100 pair of
jeans. They were also asked to rate the item(s) on a hedonic scale and a utilitarian scale.A comparison of promotions presented singly with promotions presented jointly did not support Okada's theory of preference reversal. In this study, the plain t-shirt (high utility/low hedonism)
elicited more positive responses when presented alone, χ2(1, N = 18) = 6.77, p < .01; the designer t-shirt (low utility/high hedonism) drew more positive responses when presented in a set, χ2(1, N =17) = 5.03, p < .05, suggesting a contrast effect
rather than a guilt effect.

In studies where institutional changes are initiated outside of the organization, two key actors are identified: the institutional entrepreneur, who initiates the change, and the affected organization, which is impacted. This study highlights the crucial role of the affected organization's agency in adopting new practices in response to normative institutional changes, shifting the focus beyond external initiators. We develop a novel theoretical framework that highlights the interplay between organizational agency and external institutional changes, demonstrating how strategic responses are shaped by both affected organizations and external pressures. Using the Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) project as a vehicle for normative institutional change, this study conducts a thorough analysis of its effect on firms' new practices—environmental innovation—employing longitudinal data (2006-2018) covering 1,988 Chinese listed industrial firms. Our findings reveal that the outcome of normative changes in fostering the adoption of new practices significantly depends on the agency of the affected organizations, moderated by executives' political connections and shareholders' investment horizons. Specifically, firms led by executives with weaker political connections or supported by shareholders with long-term investment horizons are more likely to embrace these changes, while those with stronger political connections or a short-term focus tend to resist them. This research not only bridges a significant gap in the literature by highlighting the critical role of affected organizations' agency but also expands the scope of analysis in institutional change, providing deeper insights into the complex relationship between organizational agency and institutional change.

Intro -- Series Editor's Preface: The Year 2020-A Historic Choice of Economic Transformation and Upgrading -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 New Stage and New Challenges for China to Achieve Its Strategic Goal of Modernization and an Inevitable All-Round Reform -- The Requirement of the Times to Continue to Promote Economic and Social Transition Under the Concept of "Modern National Governance" -- The Realistic Need for Fiscal and Tax Reform to Support Comprehensive Reform Under the New Normal of Economic Development -- 1.2 Philosophical Thinking and Path Choice for Linking the Strategic Goals of Modernization with Inclusive Growth -- Strategic Thinking and "China's Choice" from a Strategic Perspective -- The Illusion of "Government Can Do Everything" Is False, and the Process of "Welfare Catch-Up" Is Difficult to Avoid Haste -- The Rational Premise of Fiscal and Taxation Services: "Let the Market Fully Play Its Role" -- 1.3 Support for Comprehensive Reform of Public Finance: Review and Prospect -- Landmark Significance and Historic Contribution of Tax Distribution Reform in 1994 -- The Tax Distribution System Should Be Consistent with the Market Economy -- A Complete and Accurate Understanding of Several Important Points That Should Be Clarified in the Tax Distribution System -- The Proposal of Public Finance and the Construction of Public Finance System -- 1.4 The International Practice of Tax Distribution System and Reference to China -- The Basic Situation of the US Tax Distribution System -- Basic Situation of German Tax Distribution System -- Basic Information of Japan's Tax Distribution System -- Inspiration from Tax Distribution System of Market Economy Countries -- Overview of Fiscal and Tax Management Systems of the Republic of Korea and Hong Kong, China.

Cordycepin, or 3′-deoxyadenosine, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine. Initially extracted from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, cordycepin exhibits antitumor activity against certain cancer cell lines; however, the mechanism by which cordycepin counteracts colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of cordycepin against human CRC. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cordycepin against colon cancer and in driving apoptosis, p53 and Bcl-2-like protein 4-null (Bax−/−) colon cancer HCT116 cell lines were used. Cell viability and growth were repressed in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with cordycepin. Treatment with cordycepin resulted in increased apoptosis in HCT116 cells; however, flow cytometic analysis demonstrated that apoptosis was notably decreased in the Bax−/− HCT116 cell lines, but not in the p53−/− HCT116 cell lines. Furthermore, cordycepin exposure resulted in the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria and the subsequent release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Results from the present study demonstrated that cordycepin inhibited colon cancer cell growth in vitro and this appears to be through the endogenous Bax-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which suggested a molecular mechanism for cordycepin against human colon cancer. These results indicated the possibility of cordycepin as a novel drug for the prevention of colon cancer.