Suchergebnisse

The hypothesis that phenanthrene, an aromatic compound without a hydroxyl group, can form nonextractable residues in soil with the aid of phenanthrene-biodegrading bacteria and birnessite was tested. The mutant strain Sphingobium yanoikuyae B8/36 successfully accumulated cis-phenanthrene dihydrodiol, and the intermediate was readily radicalized and coupled into soil organic matter in the presence of birnessite. Phenanthrene and the intermediate disappeared from the soil in 96 h in the presence of birnessite, but the intermediate accumulation occurred without birnessite. By determining the total organic carbon contents before and after birnessite treatment, it could be seen that birnessite did not mineralize cis-phenanthrene dihydrodiol. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet analyses suggest instead that the intermediate was incorporated into the soil organic matter, forming nonextractable, bound residues. Increases in the aromaticity and pH in birnessite-treated soil also present more evidence for bound residue formation. The soil in which bound residue formed did not exhibit an acute toxicity of phenanthrene, but evidence indicated that such toxicity existed in the freshly spiked soil. In addition, a long-term column test revealed that the bound residues could not be eluted by the combination of water, 80% methanol, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure solution (pH 2.88) for four months, implying stability of the nonextractable residues in the soil. ; This research received substantial support from the Seoul Research and Business Development Program (10676). Additional financial support was provided by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the Advanced Environment Biotechnology Research Center at POSTECH and by an Ecoriver 21 Project of the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs of Korean Government.

Mariusz Kanturski, Yerim Lee, Jinyeong Choi, and Seunghwan Lee (2018) This study reports the first record of the oak-feeding aphid species Lachnus chosoni Szelegiewicz, 1975 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) in the Republic of Korea. Until now, only apterous viviparous females from the type material and type locality- Myohyangsan Mountain (The Democratic People's Republic of Korea)-were recorded. Apterous viviparous females of L. chosoni were collected from Quercus sp. in the area of Soul National University in Seoul for the first time in 2016. The specimens, which were collected in October and November 2017, represent the sexual generation of this species. We describe and figure the hitherto unknown oviparous female and apterous male of L. chosoni for the first time in detail. Notes on biology and copulation are also provided.

Various studies have highlighted the importance of ethnic differences. The consideration of ethnic differences in the field of individualized pharmacotherapy is imperative. Therefore, various organizations and networks across countries should aim to conduct multicountry and multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). If there is solid evidence available to evaluate the existence of ethnic differences between the same regional areas, it will lead to an increase in the efficiency of drug development. The purpose of this paper was to compare the approval dosing regimen among four Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan) and elucidate the readiness and current status of the implementation of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E17 guidelines on MRCTs. Reducing unnecessary clinical trials via multinational clinical trials in East Asian countries is also suggested. The approved dosing regimens for some drugs in the four Asian countries were similar; however, some differences might be caused by differences in legislation, even though there were no ethnic differences. This indicates that there are several roles to be expected of the Asia Clinical Pharmacology study network for exploratory MRCTs, which would lead to the accumulation of evidence for MRCTs, ultimately accelerating the efficiency of drug development in East Asian countries. The exposure of the new treatment to the necessary patients through collaborative research coordination and simultaneous multinational subject recruitment would serve its role in providing East Asia with specific personalized medicine with a high treatment success rate.