Suchergebnisse

We compared sharing economy development in 90 countries to demonstrate that higher qualities of government are associated with greater sharing economy growth. To explain this finding, we assumed that sharing economy benefits are enjoyed by the public, whereas its costs are chiefly borne by market incumbents. In considering these competing interests, policymakers tend to favor the latter as single-industry interests that can be more easily organized to influence policymaking. We then hypothesized that an electorally competitive, depoliticized, and effective government may tilt the balance against the entrenched market incumbents, leading to the growth of sharing economy industries. Overall, we found some support for this hypothesis. We especially found that electoral competitiveness strongly impacted sharing economy development and that this impact was significantly greater in a country with a depoliticized bureaucracy and effective government.

AbstractErrors and changes in construction often result in significant schedule and cost overruns affecting project performance. To understand the nature of these errors and changes and to ultimately reduce their detrimental impacts on project performance, this paper presents a system dynamics‐based construction model, which focuses on the dynamics of error and change management in construction, including quality management, scope management, the request for information process, and the decision‐making process for the approval of changes, and their consequent detrimental impacts on project performance. In particular, the developed model integrates several concepts in traditional network‐based tools to enhance the applicability of the model. Describing the dynamic behaviors generated by the developed model and applying the model to a couple of real‐world construction projects, this paper concludes that: (1) realism should be added to schedule planning; (2) an efficient coordination process is needed; (3) proactive contingency plans need to be taken into consideration; and (4) integration of network‐based tools and system dynamics‐based models can contribute to management of errors and changes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Up until recently, South Korean cities have been managed to serve and foster the economic growth of the country. Cities like Daegu grew following a form of liberal 'laissez-faire' accommodating the dominant car-focused ideology and the speculative large-scale construction market. Little debate was conducted on the different options and qualities of urban form. The role of the government was to facilitate private development rather than to input a specific direction to urban and architectural projects. The result is a form of 'generic city' with limited coherence in its urban fabric and poor preservation of its historical value. Recently, the local government turned to a more proactive role in the management of urban space, following the notion of cultural city. Urban morphology analysis is being introduced into the leading plan of Daegu city's Urban Design Department. But what can be the input of morphology in such an adverse context, where urban form and history have long been neglected, functionalist zoning is still the main urban planning tool, and car traffic the major determinant in planning? Using a typomorphological approach, the study aims to articulate city scales and develop policies and projects sensitive to the existing urban form. The results are discussed to establish the potential for urban form study to participate in the urban planning practice of public agencies in today's South Korea.