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AbstractThe fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (HLF‐4), held in Busan, South Korea drew the largest number as well as the most diverse group of participants ever. This paper examines the shift towards a new global development cooperation paradigm at the Busan HLF‐4; the new global partnership that emerged from Busan; and what South Korea brought to the global discourse on development cooperation as an emerging donor. Although it is premature to argue that a new paradigm was established at Busan, there was a clear political momentum for a shift from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness, a change that was advocated and promoted particularly by new actors such as South Korea. The Busan HLF‐4 and the post‐Busan process have highlighted the global role of new actors, with South Korea exemplifying through its own experience how aid can help bring about development, contributing to the global discourse on development cooperation and playing a bridging role between traditional and emerging donors. The changing dynamics of the world including the global financial crisis and climate change suggest that the global challenges are different from what had been expected when the HLF process and Millennium Development Goals were begun in the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, we recommend that global development cooperation discourse and activities that had been led by traditional Western donors need to find more effective ways of incorporating new actors and different modalities of development cooperation because the global challenges we face are grave. New development partners can bring to the table lessons, energies and capacities deriving from their own dramatic success in alleviating poverty and attaining development and their visibility as global development actors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Since South Korea has historically experienced a great number of natural hazards, the emergency management system has traditionally focused on natural hazards. However, as several large‐scale man‐made and/or technological disasters have occurred in South Korea in the 1990s, major changes have taken place in Korea`s emergency management systems. Accordingly, this paper examines the emergency management system in South Korea in terms of structural dimensions for emergency management along with the types of disasters. Discussions on theoretical issues of crisis and emergency management are included, but most of this paper is devoted to an overview of Korean emergency management systems as recent responses to disaster. Korea has had to learn the hard way. The Disaster Management Act was established after Korea experienced serious disasters in the mid 1990s. Korea`s emergency management system is still evolving. This paper concludes that emergency management organizations should have coordinating power for a unified response to a crisis as quickly as possible and that the emergency management system in Korea should be equipped with mitigation and preparedness strategies.

In this study, we examined the two distinct dimensions of feedback-seeking behavior (FSB), namely, feedback-seeking frequency and feedback-seeking breadth. We focused on work team properties and team members' social characteristics, and identified the multilevel social contextual
predictors for each FSB dimension in an organizational team setting. Participants were 187 employees in 45 work teams in various industries in South Korea. Results show that feedback-seeking frequency was significantly positively related to three individual or team characteristics (i.e., emotional
competence, team reflexivity, and task interdependence), but feedback-seeking breadth was significantly positively related to only one dimension, team reflexivity. Our findings provide an understanding of the multilevel emergent process of FSB in work teams, and the impact of the multilevel
antecedents on the two FSB dimensions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is the future SBAS of the Republic of Korea. It is developed by the Korea Aerospace research Institute (KARI) for the government of the Republic of Korea, and Thales Alenia Space is the industry prime contractor of this development. The function of the KASS is to decompose all possible range error sources and to distribute corrections and/or alerts to its users by means of geostationary satellites. The KASS Processing Station (KPS) is the component of KASS in charge of computing the orbit, clock and ionosphere correction and alert information (below 'Navigation Overlay Frame', NOF) using data from a set of reference stations. The KPS is composed of two independent elements: the Processing Set (PS) and the Check Set (CS). The first element is responsible of computing the complete navigation context for the GNSS constellation (orbits and clock) and the ionosphere model, then to prepare and send the NOF to be broadcast to the users. The second element acts as a super user by applying the NOF to the GPS messages checking that this is consistent with an independent set of measurement to control and insure the integrity. The KPS-PS component plays a key role in the KASS performance achievement where the APV-1 service level is required. To feed the KPS, the KASS has specific KASS Reference Station (KRS) located on the Rep. of Korea land masses. Compared to other SBAS, this leads to a very concentrated station network. This particularity makes a specific algorithm adaptation of the KPS-PS necessary, as compared to the EGNOS solution, to provide the desired APV-1 performance. These adaptations regard both orbit determination and all the more ionosphere corrections due to the very low number of Ionosphere Grid Points (IPG) that need be modeled and monitored. To cope with these KASS specificities, Thales Alenia Space has designed, developed and qualified a new complete real time navigation algorithm chain that provides MOPS-compliant NOF messages. The ionosphere model is different from the EGNOS one that favors a local analysis counter to a global approach as the TRIN model [2] used in EGNOS. This new algorithm chain provides the specified APV-1 performance, particularly in the case of strong ionosphere activity, with a very good level of integrity margin. This paper presents the overall KASS system architecture as well as the results obtained using this new algorithm chain under different ionosphere contexts. The APV-1 service availability level is presented and the maximum of safety index on each monitored IGP and satellite is discussed.

International audience ; The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is the future SBAS of the Republic of Korea. It is developed by the Korea Aerospace research Institute (KARI) for the government of the Republic of Korea, and Thales Alenia Space is the industry prime contractor of this development. The function of the KASS is to decompose all possible range error sources and to distribute corrections and/or alerts to its users by means of geostationary satellites. The KASS Processing Station (KPS) is the component of KASS in charge of computing the orbit, clock and ionosphere correction and alert information (below 'Navigation Overlay Frame', NOF) using data from a set of reference stations. The KPS is composed of two independent elements: the Processing Set (PS) and the Check Set (CS). The first element is responsible of computing the complete navigation context for the GNSS constellation (orbits and clock) and the ionosphere model, then to prepare and send the NOF to be broadcast to the users. The second element acts as a super user by applying the NOF to the GPS messages checking that this is consistent with an independent set of measurement to control and insure the integrity. The KPS-PS component plays a key role in the KASS performance achievement where the APV-1 service level is required. To feed the KPS, the KASS has specific KASS Reference Station (KRS) located on the Rep. of Korea land masses. Compared to other SBAS, this leads to a very concentrated station network. This particularity makes a specific algorithm adaptation of the KPS-PS necessary, as compared to the EGNOS solution, to provide the desired APV-1 performance. These adaptations regard both orbit determination and all the more ionosphere corrections due to the very low number of Ionosphere Grid Points (IPG) that need be modeled and monitored. To cope with these KASS specificities, Thales Alenia Space has designed, developed and qualified a new complete real time navigation algorithm chain that provides MOPS-compliant NOF messages. The ...

Despite the importance of sanitation, few studies have assessed the effects of latrines on the health outcomes of children under 5 years of age. We assessed the relations between latrine coverage and the prevalence of diarrhea in children under 4 years of age. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the baseline data obtained as part of a longitudinal survey targeting 720 households in Idiofa, Bandundu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We categorized latrines according to the presence of each major component and investigated whether diarrhea prevalence of children under 4 years of age is associated with latrine availability and improvement. Latrines have health benefits regardless of whether they are improved. Also worth noting is that comparatively well-equipped and more appropriately managed latrines could prevent child diarrhea more effectively than less equipped or inappropriately managed latrines. Households who have a latrine with a superstructure, roof, and no flies (a partly improved latrine) were found to be 52% less likely to report cases of diarrhea than households with unimproved latrines (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-0.76), which are all the other latrines not included in the partly improved latrine category. We have observed the profound protective effect of latrines with a superstructure. This study demonstrates that latrines are associated with significant improvements in health even when they do not fully meet the conditions of improved latrines. This study adds value to the limited evidence on the effect of latrines on health parameters by demonstrating that latrines have correlations with health benefits regardless of whether they are improved, as well as by elucidating the most essential components of improved latrines.