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In: Survival: global politics and strategy, Band 44, Heft 3, S. 157-158
ISSN: 1468-2699
In: Nationalism and ethnic politics, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 63-84
ISSN: 1353-7113
In: Critical review of international social and political philosophy: CRISPP, Band 1, Heft 4, S. 62-92
ISSN: 1369-8230
In: Global society: journal of interdisciplinary international relations, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 251-270
ISSN: 1360-0826
THIS ESSAY IS CONCERNED WITH IDENTIFYING CERTAIN PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE, ESPECIALLY AS THESE RELATE TO NORMATIVE THEORY. THE FIRST SECTION FOCUSES ON THE UNIVERSALIST /RELATIVIST DIVIDE AROUND WHICH MUCH RELEVANT THEORIZING HAS OCCURRED. IT ALSO HIGHLIGHTS PARTICULAR PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MARKED HETEROGENEITY THAT ACTUALLY CHARACTERIZES MANY CULTURAL COMMUNITIES. THIS IS RELEVANT TO THE DEEPER THEORETICAL PROBLEM OF DEPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE AS THE BASIS OF A FRAMEWORK-DEPENDENT FORM OF ETHICAL RELATIVISM. THE SECOND SECTION IS CONCERNED PRINCIPALLY WITH DEVELOPING AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING DEMOCRACY THAT EMPHASIZES ITS NORMATIVE BASIS AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE MAY LEGITIMATELY REFLECT CULTURAL DIFFERENCES. THEN THE AUTHOR TURNS TO THE MAJOR CONCEPTUAL DIVIDE THAT HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED BETWEEN THE WEST AND "THE REST," BECAUSE THIS HAS IMPORTANT, BUT OFTEN NEGLECTED, IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY DEBATES ABOUT DEMOCRACY AND THE MORE GENERAL ROLE OF CULTURE IN POLITICS. THE CONCLUSION HIGHLIGHTS THE PROBLEMATIC STATUS OF CULTURE AS A SATISFACTORY EXPLANATORY AND ANALYTIC CONCEPT WHEN DEALING NOT ONLY WITH QUESTIONS OF DEMOCRACY BUT A RANGE OF PRESSING ISSUES IN GLOBAL POLITICS.
In: American anthropologist: AA, Band 79, Heft 2, S. 469-470
ISSN: 1548-1433
In: Global governance: a review of multilateralism and international organizations, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 203-220
ISSN: 2468-0958, 1075-2846
In: Journal of Research in National Development: JORIND, Band 3, Heft 1
ISSN: 1596-8308
In 2013, the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded a 4-year project on the editorial and commercial history of the world's oldest-surviving scholarly journal ('Publishing the Philosophical Transactions: a social, cultural and economic history of a learned journal, 1665-2015', AH/K001841). The project is led by Dr Aileen Fyfe at the University of St Andrews in partnership with the Royal Society. The project team convened a workshop at the Royal Society, 22 April 2016, on 'The Politics of Academic Publishing, 1950-2016'. This briefing paper is informed by the contributions of those who attended that day, and we thank them for their insights. The authors of this briefing paper are a sub-group of those who attended the April 2016 workshop. This report is based upon the primary (historical) research of the Philosophical Transactions project team, combined with a literature review, and the expertise of the other authors (principally in higher education research, and in scholarly communication).
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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