Suchergebnisse

The aim of the present study was to get a gender perspective in Italy of the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. The proportion of television airtime coverage of female athletes (29%) was close to the proportion of the Italian female participation in the Games (International 38%, Italian 28%), with no gender differences regarding the placement of women's sport in the broadcast. Women's events hit 26 percent of total mean audience, which included 40 percent females. The male share was 31 percent for both total Olympic events and women-only sports, while the female share was 19 percent and 20 percent, respectively. Sport TV female professionals ranged from 4 percent (TV operators) to 33 percent (staff members), while Italian Olympic Committee female delegates ranged from 0 percent (Presidents of National Sport Federations) to 19.2 percent (medical doctors), indicating a strong male hegemony in sport-related careers in Italy.

Already in 2007, the European Commission in its "White Paper on Sport" declared the importance to provide "Dual Career" training for young athletes already at an early stage, in order to ensure the reintegration of professional sportspersons into the labour market upon the completion of their sporting careers (European Commission, 2007). In addition, in 2008 the Council of the European Union in Declaration (European Commission, 2011) called for the strengthening of the dialogue with the International Olympic Committee and representatives of the world of sport, in particular, on the question of combined sports training and education for young people. Following the European Council's call in 2008 to address the issue of "Dual Careers" "Developing the European Dimension in Sport" (European Commission, 2011), the Commission emphasized the importance of ensuring that young high-performance athletes were offered quality education in parallel to their sports training. The EU guidelines on Dual Career of Athletes (European Comission, 2012),which is recommended Policy Actions in Support on Dual Careers in High-Performance Sport (approved by the EU Expert Group "Education & Training in Sport" at its meeting in Poznań on 28 September, 2012) stated that the promotion of Dual Careers of athletes matched with the several aims of the Europe 2020 Strategy: – prevention of early school leaving; – more graduates in higher education; – higher employability; – increase of economic activity of citizens; – making sport policies more efficient by keeping more talented and high- performance athletes in the sport system. According to the Conclusions on Dual Careers for athletes published the European Commission in 2013 (European Commission, 2013), the term "Dual Career" implies that an athlete is able to combine their sporting career, including high quality training, with education and/or work in a flexible way. The EU Work Plan for Sport 2017-2020 adapted by the Counil of Ministers proposed that the EU Work Plan for Sport should be ...

In fact, an exponential interest in sport dual career both in academic and political fields is gaining its visibility. The European Commission (2012) defined the Dual career as the conciliation between education and sports. A well-balanced dual career can help to maximize the contribution of athletes to society, building on the capabilities athletes have developed during their careers, and can be seen as good preparation for becoming potential role models in society. Students often face challenges to combine their educational activities with sport. Naturally, the aim to succeed at the highest level of a sport demands intensive training/competitions, which can be difficult to reconcile with the challenges and restrictions in the educational system and the labor market (European Commission, 2012). Nevertheless, the student-athlete definition is differently used between European countries. Naturally, this fact enhances the existence of very different policies with regard to the support that is given to these athletes by governmental structures, but above all by higher education institutions. Despite the exponential interest in this topic, as we have previously reported, the existence of national policies to support student athletes is not yet a reality in all member states of the European Commission and clear terminology and interpretation across Europe for this new policy domain is an urgent need. Additionally, those policies should respect cultural diversity. There is also an appeal to national authorities to develop culturally and country-specific guidelines for dual career that would take into account the Guidelines but also the specificities of the national education systems and sports (European Commission, 2016; Geraniosova & Ronkainen 2015). The European Union Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes (European Commission, 2012) provided a minimal standard of facilitators and conditions for athletes in member state countries and contributed to research in dual career development at a national level (Li ...

The purpose of this study was to identify the career paths of transnational migrating female elite handball players. Fourteen Slovenian and Suisse national team players were monitored over a 7-year period by means of semi-structured interviews and official handball records. At the end of the examination period, six still-active players were interviewed again. Qualitative thematic analysis was employed to develop a contextualized understanding of participants' careers paths and life trajectories in relation to their athletic migration and dual career. In relation to the limited opportunities offered by small countries with middle-ranking national handball teams, participants highlighted that sport migration coupled with dual career opportunities represented a strategic decision for a successful career development through several key factors: (1) a clear intention towards a professional handball career; (2) the actual fulfilment of professional handball career aspirations; (3) dual career goals as part of the migration process; (4) high personal ambition and emotional connection to handball; (5) the implementation of a successful dual career path; (6) a positive migration experience; and (7) feeling supported and valued during relocation. Sport federations and elite clubs should consider the implementation of a multidimensional approach encompassing dual career paths to facilitate athletes' transnational relocation and career transitions.

This systematic overview aimed to review studies investigating the benefits and risks of judo training in older people, and to explore practical methodological applications (Registration ID: CRD42021274825). Searches of EBSCOhost, ISI-WoS, and Scopus databases, with no time restriction up to December 2022, resulted in 23 records meeting the inclusion criteria. A quality assessment was performed through the following tools: ROBINS-I for 10 experimental studies, NIH for 7 observational studies, and AGREE-II for 6 methodological studies. A serious risk of bias emerged for 70% of the experimental studies, whereas 100% of the observational and 67% of the methodological studies presented a "fair" quality. When involving 1392 participants (63 ± 12 years; females: 47%), the studies investigated novice (n = 13), amateur/intermediate (n = 4), expert (n = 4), and unknown (n = 3) level judoka by means of device-based, self-reported, and visual evaluation measures. Mean training encompassed 2 ± 1 sessions. week−1 of 61 ± 17 min for 7 ± 6 months. In relation to judo training exposure and outcomes, three main themes emerged: (i) health (56% of studies; e.g., bones, anthropometry, quality of life); (ii) functional fitness (43%; e.g., balance, strength, walking speed); and iii) psychosocial aspects (43%; e.g., fear of falling, cognition, self-efficacy). Although the included studies presented relevant methodological weaknesses, the data support the positive effects of judo training with advancing age. Future research is needed to help coaches plan judo programs for older people.

To inform on the objectives and progression of the AMiD, EMPATIA, DONA, Ed Media, More Than Gold, Starting 11 and SOS ERASMUS+ Sport Collaborative Partnerships in which EAS cooperates with sport bodies and educational institutions to envisage novel solutions for the development of opportunities in education and sport paths of athletes. Dual career dimensions, evidence- and eminence- based methods include literature reviews, and desk, gap, SWOT and PESTEL analyses, focus groups, surveys, semi-structured interviews, workshops, and concept mapping. A limited implementation of the EU guidelines emerged. The findings underline the necessity of maintaining dual career among the European priorities in the field of sport and to envisage a surveillance plan at various dual career environmental levels (e.g., policies, systems, programmes). Through its participation in European projects, EAS contributes to the development of relevant European dual career aspects and to strengthen the link between educational institutions and sports organizations for the benefit of student-athletes.

Exercise relative to health/fitness and sports performance has displayed an evolutionary role over time. Large scale, overriding, factors are present which are likely to help us understand the likely future evolutionary path of health/fitness and sports performance. These factors include: 1) the history of exercise, 2) exercise in its' relationship to health, 3) the need for fitness in the military and first responders, 4) the conflicted relationship between top sport (representing the apex of the human genomic capacity for exercise) versus the overly competitive and compensated nature of top sport. Dominantly, the need for exercise as preventive medicine in a progressively more sedentary society, the need to provide social integration and inclusion in a highly mobile society, the risk of undesirable social outcomes related to top sport and the likelihood of human-cyber interactions are likely to drive the evolution of exercise in the future.

O exercício relativo à saúde / aptidão física e desempenho esportivo tem mostrado um papel evolutivo ao longo do tempo. São apresentados fatores primários de grande escala, que provavelmente nos ajudarão a entender o caminho evolutivo futuro da saúde / aptidão física e desempenho esportivo. Esses fatores incluem: 1) a história do exercício, 2) o exercício em sua relação com a saúde, 3) a necessidade de aptidão física entre os militares e os socorristas, 4) a relação conflitante entre o esporte (representando o ápice da capacidade genômica humana para o exercício) versus a natureza excessivamente competitiva e compensada do esporte. Predominantemente, a necessidade de exercício como medicina preventiva em uma sociedade progressivamente mais sedentária, a necessidade de proporcionar a integração social e inclusão em uma sociedade altamente móvel, o risco de resultados sociais indesejáveis relacionados ao esporte e a probabilidade de interações humano-tecnológicas são suscetíveis de impulsionar a evolução do exercício no futuro.

Exercise relative to health/fitness and sports performance has displayed an evolutionary role over time. Large scale, overriding, factors are present which are likely to help us understand the likely future evolutionary path of health/fitness and sports performance. These factors include: 1) the history of exercise, 2) exercise in its' relationship to health, 3) the need for fitness in the military and first responders, 4) the conflicted relationship between top sport (representing the apex of the human genomic capacity for exercise) versus the overly competitive and compensated nature of top sport. Dominantly, the need for exercise as preventive medicine in a progressively more sedentary society, the need to provide social integration and inclusion in a highly mobile society, the risk of undesirable social outcomes related to top sport and the likelihood of human-cyber interactions are likely to drive the evolution of exercise in the future.

O exercício relativo à saúde / aptidão física e desempenho esportivo tem mostrado um papel evolutivo ao longo do tempo. São apresentados fatores primários de grande escala, que provavelmente nos ajudarão a entender o caminho evolutivo futuro da saúde / aptidão física e desempenho esportivo. Esses fatores incluem: 1) a história do exercício, 2) o exercício em sua relação com a saúde, 3) a necessidade de aptidão física entre os militares e os socorristas, 4) a relação conflitante entre o esporte (representando o ápice da capacidade genômica humana para o exercício) versus a natureza excessivamente competitiva e compensada do esporte. Predominantemente, a necessidade de exercício como medicina preventiva em uma sociedade progressivamente mais sedentária, a necessidade de proporcionar a integração social e inclusão em uma sociedade altamente móvel, o risco de resultados sociais indesejáveis relacionados ao esporte e a probabilidade de interações humano-tecnológicas são suscetíveis de impulsionar a evolução do exercício no futuro. ; Exercise relative to health/fitness and sports performance has displayed an evolutionary role over time. Large scale, overriding, factors are present which are likely to help us understand the likely futureevolutionary path of health/fitness and sports performance. These factors include: 1) the history of exercise, 2) exercise in its' relationship to health, 3) the need for fitness in the military and first responders, 4) the conflicted relationship between top sport (representing the apex of the human genomic capacity for exercise) versus the overly competitive and compensated nature of top sport. Dominantly, the need for exercise as preventive medicine in a progressively more sedentary society, the need to provide social integration and inclusion in a highly mobile society, the risk of undesirable social outcomes related to top sport and the likelihood of human-cyber interactions are likely to drive the evolution of exercise in the future.

Exercise relative to health/fitness and sports performance has displayed an evolutionary role over time. Large scale, overriding, factors are present which are likely to help us understand the likely future evolutionary path of health/fitness and sports performance. These factors include: 1) the history of exercise, 2) exercise in its' relationship to health, 3) the need for fitness in the military and first responders, 4) the conflicted relationship between top sport (representing the apex of the human genomic capacity for exercise) versus the overly competitive and compensated nature of top sport. Dominantly, the need for exercise as preventive medicine in a progressively more sedentary society, the need to provide social integration and inclusion in a highly mobile society, the risk of undesirable social outcomes related to top sport and the likelihood of human-cyber interactions are likely to drive the evolution of exercise in the future. ; publishedVersion ; Under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 CC BY-NC license.

Judo coaches are urged to develop specific competencies and skills for addressing the special needs of older practitioners. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experts' opinions on judo training in late adulthood to develop sound educational programs for coaches of older judo practitioners. Overall, eighty-eight experts from an international consortium of judo and educational partners participated in national focus groups. During the focus groups, experts discussed five themes and generated statements pertinent to educate coaches to support older judo practitioners (e.g., benefits; necessary knowledge; risks; training groups definition; tools; and tests for monitoring training plans). The initial list of 262 statements was synthesized, validated, analyzed, and organized into a final list of 55 statements and six macro-areas: aging process (n = 10); safety and first aid (n = 6); physiology and fitness (n = 12); psychology and mental health (n = 11); organization and environment (n = 5); adapted judo teaching and training (n = 11). The present international eminence-based study, harmonizing diverse intercultural perspectives, highlighted the specific needs of older judo practitioners. The results of this study will contribute to the structure of a sound educational program for coaches of older judo practitioners to enhance the quality of older adults' sports experiences by linking safety, enjoyment, social interactions, and learning principles.