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In several ways, the revelations that Volkswagen used software to cheat on vehicle emissions tests echo common threads of greenwashing cases against car manufacturers. However, in one significant respect, the Volkswagen scandal is much more than just another example of greenwashing. That is, the German automaker's use of software to deceive brings a novel technological aspect to greenwashing. This article discusses the Volkswagen scandal in the context of automobile greenwashing cases and highlights this newhigh-tech greenwashing.

With the close of another round of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) treaty talks, this one held in Cancun from November 29–December 10, it is important to look at how green patents fared in the negotiations and the final agreement.But first, some background is necessary to set the stage for Cancun.Last year, when I became aware during the run up to the Copenhagen meeting that intellectual property IP) rights were being debated, the first question that popped into my mind was: why are IP rights even on the agenda in the climate change treaty discussions?To me, IP seemed tangential at best to the problems of shaping policies to mitigate climate change, taking a back seat to a maximum temperature rise target, greenhouse gas emissions targets, carbon taxes, cap and trade, and other policy tools directed relating to climate change.

ABSTRACTSaaty's analytic hierarchy process assessed attribute importance by soliciting decision makers' (DM) importance ratios to compute weights. Saaty suggested a decision rule for accepting DM judgments based on a consistency measure derived from the DM's importance ratios. This paper investigates the distribution of random inconsistency and decision rule implications. Stricter consistency requirements for three‐ and four‐attribute criteria matrices are suggested.

Examined differences between eventual graduates and eventual dropouts in a longitudinal study of college men. Predictor variables were obtained early in the first year of college and attrition status was assessed after four years. A linear combination of academic ability, family legacy
status, specific stress perceptions, and self-perceived social alienation was found to predict attrition status.