Suchergebnisse

We describe a simple discrete time renewal process of an event where a success is preceded by a failure. Its properties, especially the distributions of the counting and the interval processes, are investigated. We also propose an application to statistical process control based on the waiting time between two adjacent events. It is shown that the average number inspected under the new control scheme is larger than with the so called CCC control chart.

THIS PAPER ASSUMES IMPERFECT CAPITAL MOBILITY AS WELL AS INTRODUCES RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS INTO A VERSION OF THE FLEMING MODEL, AND EXAMINES HOW THE DEGREE OF WAGE INDEXATION AND THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN UNANTICIPATED AND ANTICIPATED DISTURBANCES AFFECT THE VALIDITY OF THE FLEMING PROPOSITION. SECTION II SPECIFIES THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK; SECTION III COMPUTES THE RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS SOLUTION UNDER TWO EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES; AND SECTION IV INVESTIGATES THE VALIDITY OF THE FLEMING PROPOSITION UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF MACROECONOMIC POLICIES. FINALLY, SECTION V SUMMARIZES THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE PAPER.

I. Science and the world. 1. Ideals and realities -- II. Science and technology in the developing countries. 2. The isolation of the scientist in developing countries -- 3. Aiding physicists in developing countries -- 4. Science transfer for development -- 5. The blindness of the third world -- 6. Technology and Pakistan's attack on poverty -- 7. Towards a scientific research and development policy for Pakistan -- 8. Highlights of science for Turkey -- III.1. International Centre for Theoretical Physics. 9. Need for an International Centre for Theoretical Physics -- 10. Trieste -- world rendezvous for physicists / Dan Behrman -- 11. A vision for the future of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in the coming decade -- III.2. Other initiatives. 12. A World Federation of Institutes of Advanced Study -- 13. Third world higher education and Italy -- 14. Address to UNESCO -- 15. Speech at the Nobel banquet -- IV. The Third World Academy of Sciences. 16. Inaugural address to the Third World Academy of Sciences by Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar -- 17. The founding of the Third World Academy of Sciences -- V. Islam and science. 18. Islam and science -- 19. The future of science in Islamic countries -- VI. Science: the international dimension. 20. International commons: sharing of international resources -- 21. Nuclear security, disarmament and development -- VII. Perspectives on physics. 22. Gauge unification of fundamental forces -- 23. Physics and the excellences of the life it brings -- 24. Particle physics: will Britain kill its own creation? -- VIII. Personal. 25. Homage to Chaudhri Muhammad ZafrullaKhan -- IX. Reviews. 26. A review of the Italian edition of Ideals and Realities. 27. Excerpt from the foreword to the Rumanian translation of Ideals and Realities / loan Ursu -- X. Salam the man. 28. A man of science - Abdus Salam / Nigel Calder -- 29. Man of two worlds / Robert Walgate -- 30. Abdus Salam / John Ziman -- 31. Honoris Causa / M.A. Jaswon -- XI. Epilogue 1987. 32. Abdus Salam / Rushworth M. Kidder -- 33. Specialisation in building of third world science and education -- XII. Biodata.

The interaction between linear, quadratic programming and regression analysis
are explored by both statistical and operations research methods. Estimation and
optimization problems are formulated in two different ways: on one hand linear and
quadratic programming problems are formulated and solved by statistical methods, and
on the other hand the solution of the linear regression model with constraints makes
use of the simplex methods of linear or quadratic programming. Examples are given to
illustrate the ideas.

I. Salam the man. 1. The lonely scientists - Thinking ahead with Abdus Salam -- 2. A man of science - Abdus Salam / Nigel Colder -- 3. Man of two worlds / Robert Walgate -- 4. Abdus Salam / John Ziman -- II. Science and the world. 5. Diseases of the rich and diseases of the poor -- 6. Ideals and realities -- III. Science and technology in developing countries and international cooperation. 7. Technology and Pakistan's attack on poverty -- 8. Advanced scientific research in developing countries -- 9. Towards a scientific research and development policy for Pakistan -- 10. Aiding physicists in developing countries -- 11. Speech at the Nobel banquet -- 12. The Blindness of the Third World -- 13. A world federation of institutes of advanced study -- 14. Internationalization of science in developing countries -- 15. Expatriate nationals and promotion of education and research in developing countries -- 16. International commons: sharing of international resources -- IV. International centre for theoretical physics. 17. Need for an international centre for theoretical physics -- 18. A new centre for physics -- 19. Address to the UNESCO executive board -- 20. Trieste - world rendezvous for physicists / Dan Behrman -- 21. The International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste / C. O'Neal -- V. Science in Islamic countries. 22. Foundations for sciences in Islam -- 23. Renaissance of Sciences in Arab and Islamic Lands -- 24. Islamic Science Talent Fund -- 25. The Gulf University and Science in the Arab-Islamic commonwealth -- VI. Perspectives, on physics. 26. Einstein's last dream: the space-time unification of fundamental forces -- 27. The nature of the "ultimate" explanation in physics -- 28. Gauge unification of fundamental forces.

The sample correlation coefficient R is almost universally used to estimate the
population correlation coefficient ρ. If the pair (X,Y)
has a bivariate normal distribution, this
would not cause any trouble. However, if the marginals are nonnormal, particularly if they
have high skewness and kurtosis, the estimated value from a sample may be quite different from
the population correlation coefficient ρ.The bivariate lognormal is chosen as our case study for this robustness study. Two approaches
are used: (i) by simulation and (ii) numerical computations.Our simulation analysis indicates that for the bivariate lognormal, the bias in estimating ρ can
be very large if ρ≠0, and it can be substantially reduced only after a large number (three to four
million) of observations. This phenomenon, though unexpected at first, was found to be
consistent to our findings by our numerical analysis.

A generalized Weibull model that allows instantaneous or early failures is modified
so that the model can be
expressed as a mixture of the uniform distribution and the Weibull distribution. Properties
of the resulting distribution are derived; in particular, the probability density function,
survival function, and the hazard rate function are obtained. Some selected plots of these
functions are also presented. An R script was written to fit the model parameters. An
application of the modified model is illustrated.

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the ratio of the
means of independent normal variables in agricultural research.
The first part of the research examines the distributional
properties of the ratio of independent normal variables, both
theoretically and using simulation. The second part of the
research evaluates the relative merits of two common estimators of
the ratio of the means of independent normal variables in
agricultural research, an arithmetic average and a weighted
average, via simulation experiments using normal distributions.
The results are then tested using research data from rice breeding
multi-environment trials in Jilin Province, China, in 1994. These
data are used to demonstrate the diagnostic approach developed for
assessing the "safe" use of the arithmetic and the weighted
average methods for estimating the ratio of the means of
independent normal variables.

Of 5,667 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from the Government Social Hygiene (sexually transmitted disease) Clinics in Hong Kong from 1990 to 1992, there was a trend toward an increase in the percentage of strains resistant in vitro to 0.01 and 0.1 microgram of ofloxacin per ml, with 54.3 and 5.5% resistant strains, respectively, in January 1990, rising to 95.3 and 41.5%, respectively, in December 1992. The percentage of strains for which the MIC is > 1 microgram/ml remains stable, and no clinical failure has yet been seen. This trend of decreasing susceptibility warrants close monitoring when ofloxacin is used as first-line treatment for gonorrhea.

We reanalyse the anisotropic galaxy clustering measurement from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), demonstrating that using the full shape information provides cosmological constraints that are comparable to other low-redshift probes. We find ωm = 0.317+0.015-0.019, σ8 = 0.710±0.049, and h = 0.704 ± 0.024 for flat ΛCDM cosmologies using uninformative priors on ωch2, 100θMC, ln1010As, and ns, and a prior on ωbh2 that is much wider than current constraints. We quantify the agreement between the Planck 2018 constraints from the cosmic microwave background and BOSS, finding the two data sets to be consistent within a flat ΛCDM cosmology using the Bayes factor as well as the prior-insensitive suspiciousness statistic. Combining two low-redshift probes, we jointly analyse the clustering of BOSS galaxies with weak lensing measurements from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KV450). The combination of BOSS and KV450 improves the measurement by up to 45%, constraining σ8 = 0.702 ± 0.029 and S8 = σ8 ωm/0.3 = 0.728 ± 0.026. Over the full 5D parameter space, the odds in favour of a single cosmology describing galaxy clustering, lensing, and the cosmic microwave background are 7 ± 2. The suspiciousness statistic signals a 2.1 ± 0.3σ tension between the combined low-redshift probes and measurements from the cosmic microwave background. ; TT acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 797794. AGS acknowledges support by the German Research Foundation cluster of excellence ORIGINS (EXC 2094, www.origins-cluster.de). We acknowledge support from the European Research Council under grant numbers 647112 (MA, CH, CL), 770935 (HH, AW), and 693024 (SJ). CH also acknowledges support from the Max Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the frame-work of the Max Planck-Humboldt Research Award endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. HH also acknowledges support from a Heisenberg grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Hi 1495/5-1). SJ also acknowledges support from the Beecroft Trust. AK acknowledges support from Vici grant 639.043.512, financed by the Netherlands Organisation. for Scientific Research (NWO). Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 177.A-3016, 177.A-3017 and 177.A-3018.

Some of the most difficult social and politic problems of the modern era were described as "wicked"; included the management of enviromnmental, natural resources and risks. A critical frequently reported in the management of these problems is the exclusive use of a technical approach that neglets problemas and experiences, resources of the community and the people involved.