Suchergebnisse

Este trabajo analiza los procesos de internacionalización de la Universidad Adventista de Chile, con énfasis en período de pandemia. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y diseño transversal. La muestra fue intencional con 288 informantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario, y los resultados resaltan el crecimiento de las instancias de internacionalización desde 2019, superando en el año 2020 la participación de personas ligadas a la institución aprovechando la virtualidad en un contexto de pandemia. Sobre el 50% de las instancias de internacionalización se dan por convenios, evidenciado que hay un umbral de relaciones institucionales que pueden consolidarse a partir de convenios entre universidades e instituciones. Si bien, la internacionalización ha implicado relaciones en varios continentes, los países latinoamericanos son los que, con mayores instancias se ha logrado de participación. La pandemia ha advertido en la virtualidad una alternativa para generar, incrementar y consolidar las instancias de internacionalización universitaria.

The calcite grains forming the wall plates of the giant barnacle Austramegabalanus psittacus have a distinctive surface roughness made of variously sized crystalline nanoprotrusions covered by extremely thin amorphous pellicles. This biphase (crystalline-amorphous) structure also penetrates through the crystal's interiors, forming a web-like structure. Nanoprotrusions very frequently elongate following directions related to the crystallographic structure of calcite, in particular, the directions, which are the strongest periodic bond chains (PBCs) in calcite. We propose that the formation of elongated nanoprotrusions happens during the crystallization of calcite from a precursor amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This is because biomolecules integrated within the ACC are expelled from such PBCs due to the force of crystallization, with the consequent formation of uninterrupted crystalline nanorods. Expelled biomolecules accumulate in adjacent regions, thereby stabilizing small pellicle-like volumes of ACC. With growth, such pellicles become occluded within the crystal. In summary, the surface roughness of the biomineral surface reflects the complex shape of the crystallization front, and the biphase structure provides evidence for crystallization from an amorphous precursor. The surface roughness is generally explained as resulting from the attachment of ACC particles to the crystal surface, which later crystallised in concordance with the crystal lattice. If this was the case, the nanoprotrusions do not reflect the size and shape of any precursor particle. Accordingly, the particle attachment model for biomineral formation should seek new evidence. ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government CGL2017-85118-P CGL2015-64683-P ; Unidad Cientifica de Excelencia of the University of Granada UCE-PP2016-05 ; Junta de Andalucía RNM363 ; ANID-Chile FONDECYT 1140938 PCI ANID REDES 170106 PIA ANID ANILLOS ACT172037

Ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxic events are an increasing worldwide problem, but the synergetic effects of these factors are seldom explored. However, this synergetic occurrence of stressors is prevalent. The coastline of Chile not only suffers from coastal hypoxia but the cold, oxygen-poor waters in upwelling events are also supersaturated in CO, a study site to explore the combined effect of OA and hypoxia. We experimentally evaluated the metabolic response of different invertebrate species (2 anthozoans, 9 molluscs, 4 crustaceans, 2 echinoderms) of the coastline of central Chile (33°30'S, 71°37'W) to hypoxia and OA within predicted levels and in a full factorial design. Organisms were exposed to 4 different treatments (ambient, low oxygen, high CO, and the combination of low oxygen and high CO) and metabolism was measured after 3 and 6 days. We show that the combination of hypoxia and increased pCO reduces the respiration significantly, compared to a single stressor. The evaluation of synergistic pressures, a more realistic scenario than single stressors, is crucial to evaluate the effect of future changes for coastal species and our results provide the first insight on what might happen in the next 100 years. ; This research is a contribution to ASSEMBLE (grant agreement no. 227799; funded by the European Community: Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 "Capacities" Specific Program), ESTRESX project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (ref. CTM2012-32603), LINCGlobal (funded by The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and The Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) to facilitate interaction between Latin American and Spanish researchers in the field of global change). AS was funded by a fellowship from the Government of the Balearic Islands (Department on Education, Culture and Universities) and the EU (European Social Fund), LR was funded by a fellowship from the Government of Chile (CONICYT, Becas Chile Program) and IH was funded by a JAE-DOC fellowship from the Spanish Government. NAL acknowledged funds by Fondecyt 1090624 during the experimental phase and the Millennium Nucleus Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS) by MINECON Project NC120086 also supported this work during the final stages. ; Peer Reviewed

In the Brown et al. study 'Increased food supply mitigates ocean acidification effects on calcification but exacerbates effects on growth' they show disagreement with the tested hypothesis and data analysis methodology used in our 2016 study. We acknowledge careful criticism and a constructive dialogue are necessary to progress science and address these issues in this reply. ; This work was funded by ASSEMBLE grant agreement No. 227799 from European Community and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ESTRESX, number CTM2012-32603). L.R. acknowledges support from grant FONDECYT 3170156. L.R. and N.L. acknowledge support from grant NC 1200286 (Millennium Nucleus Project MUSELS) and PIA CONICYT ANILLOS ACT172037. I.E.H. was supported by Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2014-14970, cofunded by the Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme of the Balearic Government (Pla de ciència, tecnologia, innovació i emprenedoria 2013-2017) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.