Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Research Background and Post-Mao Chinese Sovietology in Perspective -- 2 Funding, Academic Freedom, and Writing Style in Chinese Sovietology -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 The Chinese State, Ideology, and Chinese Sovietology -- 5 Methodology, Sources, and the Book Structure -- Part 1 Analyses of Soviet Foreign Relations -- 2 Topics in the 1980s: From Soviet Hegemonism to Gorbachev's New Thinking -- 1 Analyses of Soviet Hegemonism -- 2 Treatment of Soviet Relations with Albania, Yugoslavia, and the Third World -- 3 Changing Views on Gorbachev's New Thinking -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- 3 The 1990s Changing Views on Gorbachev's Foreign Policy and the Use of Lenin after Tiananmen -- 1 Chinese Perceptions of Gorbachev across the 1990 Divide -- 2 Lenin and the Fate of Chinese Socialism after Tiananmen -- 3 Lenin and the Post-Tiananmen Reform and Open Door Policies -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Part 2 Analyses of Soviet Leaders and Politics -- 4 The 1980s Chinese Perceptions of Lenin's Socialism and Gorbachev's Glasnost -- 1 The Use of Lenin in Early 1980s China -- 2 Lenin and Post-Mao Chinese Socialism -- 3 Glasnost and China -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- 5 The Misuse of Gorbachev after Tiananmen and the 1990s Debate about the Two Soviet Leaders -- 1 Gorbachev and Tiananmen -- 2 Revival of Research on Brezhnev -- 3 Re-assessment of Stalin -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Part 3 Analyses of Soviet Nationality Policy -- 6 Chinese Perceptions of the Nationality Politics of Lenin and Gorbachev -- 1 Lenin and Post-Mao China's Nationality Administration -- 2 Lenin's Attraction for China -- 3 Chinese Perceptions of Gorbachev's Nationality Policy -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- 7 The Post-1991 Learning -- 1 The Issue of the Economy -- 2 The Issue of Religion -- 3 The Issue of the Federal System and National Cohesiveness.

"The breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991 had significant repercussions on Chinese politics, foreign policy, and other aspects. In this book, Jie Li examines the evolution of Chinese intellectual perceptions of the Soviet Union in the 1980s and 1990s, before and after the collapse. Relying on a larger body of updated Chinese sources, Li re-evaluates many key issues in post-Mao Chinese Sovietology, arguing that the Chinese views on the Soviet Union had been influenced and shaped by the ups-and-downs of Sino-Soviet (and later Sino-Russian) relations, China's domestic political climate, and the political developments in Moscow. By researching the country of the Soviet Union, Chinese Soviet-watchers did not focus on the USSR alone, but mostly attempted to confirm and legitimize the Chinese state policies of reform and open door in both decades. By examining the Soviet past, Chinese scholars not only demonstrated concern for the survival of the CCP regime, but also attempted to envision the future direction and position of China in the post-communist world"--

"The breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991 had significant repercussions on Chinese politics, foreign policy, and other aspects. In this book, Jie Li examines the evolution of Chinese intellectual perceptions of the Soviet Union in the 1980s and 1990s, before and after the collapse. Relying on a larger body of updated Chinese sources, Li re-evaluates many key issues in post-Mao Chinese Sovietology, arguing that the Chinese views on the Soviet Union had been influenced and shaped by the ups-and-downs of Sino-Soviet (and later Sino-Russian) relations, China's domestic political climate, and the political developments in Moscow. By researching the country of the Soviet Union, Chinese Soviet-watchers did not focus on the USSR alone, but mostly attempted to confirm and legitimize the Chinese state policies of reform and open door in both decades. By examining the Soviet past, Chinese scholars not only demonstrated concern for the survival of the CCP regime, but also attempted to envision the future direction and position of China in the post-communist world"--

The breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991 had significant repercussions on Chinese politics, foreign policy, and other aspects. In this book, Jie Li examines the evolution of Chinese intellectual perceptions of the Soviet Union in the 1980s and 1990s, before and after the collapse. Relying on a larger body of updated Chinese sources, Li re-evaluates many key issues in post-Mao Chinese Sovietology, arguing that the Chinese views on the Soviet Union had been influenced and shaped by the ups-and-downs of Sino-Soviet (and later Sino-Russian) relations, China's domestic political climate, and the political developments in Moscow. By researching the country of the Soviet Union, Chinese Soviet-watchers did not focus on the USSR alone, but mostly attempted to confirm and legitimize the Chinese state policies of reform and open door in both decades. By examining the Soviet past, Chinese scholars not only demonstrated concern for the survival of the CCP regime, but also attempted to envision the future direction and position of China in the post-communist world

Introduction: The study emphasizes non-personal data protection and proposes a way tailored to China's particular requirements for machine-generated data legal protection. Integrating foreign experiences into legislation is the goal. Aim and objectives: This study examines machine-generated data legal protections throughout data marketization to understand and improve its protection in changing digital environments. Method: This study compared China's growing data protection rules to Europe's GDPR and the US's CCPA. The study uses the Penta Helix framework to evaluate non-personal data in Shenzhen, Southern China, using document reviews, field observations, interviews, and surveys. Data quality, commercial sector compliance, public sector effect, academic contributions, civil society involvement, innovation, and ethics are evaluated. Result: This study compares Chinese and American non-personal data governance. The Cybersecurity and Data Security Law in China and the California Consumer Privacy Act in the US are highlighted. Clear frameworks and international coordination are needed to define and protect non-personal data. The private sector needs, public sector governance, academia's concerns, and civil society's participation. Both countries must balance data-driven innovation with privacy, security, and ethics. Conclusion: Safeguarding China's non-personal data rights, particularly machine-generated data, is imperative, requiring global perspectives, rigorous legal analysis, and collaboration to navigate challenges.

The material presented in the translated from Chinese edition of Nianhai Shi "Fundamentals of Historical Geography of China" and its significance for historians, archaeologists, geographers are assessed.

Li Hongzhang (1823-1901) war einer der mächtigsten Staatsmänner der späten Qing-Dynastie (1840-1911) und einer der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten im Modernisierungsprozess Chinas. Krupp war eine deutsche Familiendynastie im Industriebereich des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts; die Firma Krupp war zeitweise das größte Unternehmen Europas. Die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp dauerte etwa 25 Jahre, von Anfang der 1870er Jahre bis zum Ende der Selbststärkungsbewegung 1895. Neben dem umfangreichen Waffenhandel als Hauptinhalt umfasste sie auch Herstellung der Kriegswaffen, Kauf und Einführung von Maschinen und Produktionsanlagen, Anstellung deutschen militärischen und technischen Personals in China sowie Ausbildung chinesischen Militärpersonals in Deutschland. Die Zusammenarbeit weist eine lange Laufzeit, eine breite Palette von Kooperationen, umfangreichen Handel und eine große Anzahl von Teilnehmern auf. Aufgrund der chinesischen und deutschen Quellenmaterialien sowie der Sekundärliteratur widmet diese Arbeit sich u.a. folgenden Fragestellungen: Welche Vermittler und Komponenten bestimmen die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp? Wie funktioniert diese Verbindung und warum gelingt es Krupp, die Konkurrenz zu besiegen und Lis Aufträge zu erhalten? Welche Rolle spielen die unterschiedlichen Komponenten in der militärischen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp? Was tragen das Rüstungsgeschäft und die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp zur militärischen Modernisierung Chinas bei?

Since US President Donald Trump took office, Sino-US relations have undergone a significant change. The Trump administration ignored WTO rules and made a series of allegations against China. In 2018, the trade war between China and the United States broke out, which has aroused widespread concern worldwide. In order to expose the ideology behind the media reports, taking Halliday's systemic functional grammar, Fairclough's three-dimensional model and corpus analysis as theoretical basis, this thesis conducts contrastive analysis of news reports on trade friction from China Daily, The New York Times and The Guardian, finding that China Daily always represents Chinese government's position, emphasizing bilateral consultations and peaceful resolution and establishing a positive and responsible image of a big country; The New York Times does not always stand by the side of the US government, especially of President Trump; as a third party in Sino-US trade, British mainstream medium, The Guardian, adopts a neutral attitude in most cases, but some of its reports make negative comments on China and the United States both. Therefore, through critical discourse analysis, the public can be helped to improve their sensitivity to news reports and not to be the stupid crowd.