Suchergebnisse

The questions strengthening of world globalization, which, in turn, requires the development of measures to prevent threats to food sector. Given the generalization of scientific positions to address key issues like food security in the world and in Ukraine, substantiates the need to generalize the theoretical basis of formation of supply and demand on the food market of Ukraine and determine the measures to provide the population with quality, ecologically food including external and internal factors impact on the development of national food market.The trends of the dynamics of global food price increase in population in most developing countries. Determined that Ukraine with its resource factors, has a special place in the world food process, but indicators of food security in the country deteriorate, actual consumption of most basic kinds of food below rational norms confirming unbalanced nutrition. It is emphasized that the country's food system based on food production without regard to the laws of supply and demand, branching system of obtaining natural products in households, breach of relations between producers and processors, emphasizing the need for a detailed study of the factors creating demand and supply food market Ukraine.The theoretical aspects of the impact on the value of supply and demand as the main factors of the food market, endogenous and exogenous factors and specific factors of the market, namely the strategic importance of food, the level of which depends on providing social, political and economic stability in the country ; consistency demand for food in seasonal and non-uniformity of production for years what led to the need to create reserves and reserve funds for the stable maintenance of the population; Reliance food production from the effects of weather and its inability to neutralize even at the present level of scientific and technological progress; mismatch between supply and consumption, on the one hand, and the possibilities of food, on the other, leading to the need for expansion and improvement of inter-regional and international food and commodity relations on the basis of the territorial division of labor elasticity of demand for certain types of food is substantially depending on the solvency of the population and is at the same time relatively constant.Revealed the need for the country's participation in various formations and WTO integration in modern conditions of world globalization process that enhances market opening, changes in situation on the global food market.Attention is given to the average non-caloric diet nutrition health regulations, the consumption of animal products in recent years is only a quarter of the thresholds of consumption. Determined that the cost of food is the most important article of total household spending (about 55%), it was found that the rural population consumes more potatoes (1.7 times), bread and cereal products (1.3 times), vegetables and melons (1.2 times). It was established that the change in real per capita income indicates the economic situation in the country and does not determine the proportional change in demand for food, and is reflected in the dynamics of demand for food as the income elasticity of demand. Grounded trend increase in demand for more expensive products, mainly animal with an increase in income, while the emergence of excess supply in the market domestic production of potatoes, bread and bakery products.It is emphasized that the identification of the factors in the formation of supply and demand on the national food market will determine the balance of the food market by matching the effective demand and commodity supply, taking into account the strengthening of the role of government influence.Grounded to provide the population with quality, ecologically food, the need to harmonize the regulatory framework maintaining appropriate levels of quality and competitiveness of domestic food with international standards. The necessity of introducing efficient mechanism to protect the domestic market against imports of products that do not meet the established standards, expansion of state incentives and financial support for the development of organic food production, market expansion and the creation of a national certification.

Found that the world's meat consumption has increased significantly and the meat products, changing the structure of food rations in favor of cheaper food while maintaining caloric intake.It was determined that the main factors of this situation is population growth, urbanization, slowing food production, availability of economic contradictions between developed countries and developing countries, where very low incomes.The attention that the foreign economic development in Ukraine today is officially defined European integration priority to the development of mutually beneficial trade relations with other countries. This requires determining the status and prospects of the industry and outlining ways to improve the competitiveness of domestic poultry production in the deepening of European integration.Determined that the largest share of exports of crop production, to 43.2%, the share of animal products in exports decreased from 17.0% in 2005 to 7.3% in 2011.Consequently, the industry, with increasing sales of products on world markets measured as a percentage losing ground. Determining pricing sales as one of the factors increasing the competitiveness of domestic poultry production in the deepening of European integration, has established a wedge between domestic prices and sales prices of imports, stressed that the price of imported products are more competitive compared to domestic products. It was determined that the level of price competitiveness of domestic products in terms of membership in the WTO is not sufficient, and lower bound import tariff largely affect the price and income from sales companies. The difference between domestic and international prices measured as a percentage decreases, indicating increased competitive advantage of domestic products. It is obvious that the problem of competitiveness of domestic poultry has more to do with quality and safety for consumers than the price level. Because of this problem the European Union markets are inaccessible to domestic enterprises. In order not to lose the achieved position in the increasingly competitive, reasonable implementation of HACCP in enterprises, increasing the rate of production of large agricultural holdings, the feasibility of adapting national standards of quality and safety of products with the requirements of European Union law. Proved that development of the poultry products strategic direction is to develop exports. Artificial rate of production depends on the capabilities of poultry meat exports as domestic demand slows due to low solvency of the population. We believe that due to the low cost price of domestic products are competitive in Asia and Africa. It was established that WTO accession requires improvement of the economic mechanism of formation and functioning of the market poultry products through new approaches to policy justification government support through a clear definition of indicators to assess the efficiency of public sector support programs and incentives for foreign investment in Ukraine. Proposed to facilitate exploring the poultry production and protect domestic market from imported products and food security measures to hold quotas of these products that will improve the situation of Ukrainian companies in the European food market. Determined that WTO membership is no additional opportunities for free access to world food markets, formal membership in that organization led to the expansion of the domestic market imported products. It is noted that the price of imported poultry meat is lower in comparison with domestic products because of lower quality. Relatively low bound tariff rates does not create additional pressure because imported meat are more price competitive than domestic. The attention that Ukraine's associate membership in the European Union requires domestic producers respects their standards of quality and safety of not only food, but also process technology in the "production-saving-processing-consumption." Given the generalization scientifically to improve the competitiveness of domestic poultry production in the deepening of European integration, given the prospect of entering the European market, expediency transformation of support policies poultry enterprises and creating conditions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic poultry products to ensure the appropriate level of food security .

Article is devoted to the assessment of the current state of government regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukrainian agriculture and the substantiation of directions for its improvement.The purpose of research is to analyze theoretical and methodological approaches to the regulation of foreign economic activity and to substantiate the effective mechanism of custom-tariff regulation in the agriculture, which will help to increase the volumes and improve the structure of export-import commodity flows.Worldwide practice shows that over the past decades, the processes of globalization have contributed to the growth of the scale of international trade and economic relations and objectively led to the formation of appropriate systems for regulating the exchange of goods and services.ForUkraine, effective government regulation of foreign economic activity may be an important factor in increasing international competitiveness.The components of the system of government regulation of foreign economic activity and the purpose of its implementation are determined: the use of foreign economic activity as a set of methods for the implementation of foreign economic relations to accelerate the formation of a market economy in the country; protection of the interests of domestic producers and consumers, as well as national economic interests in general, through the skillful combination of protectionist and free trade customs policies.It is established that the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian agriculture by the level of development lags far behind the advanced countries of the world and the EU. The main problems are insufficient competitiveness of products and their non-compliance with international standards of quality and safety; a low level of investment and a growing dependence on government funding; the dominance in the structure of exports of products with a low level of processing.The main export categories ofUkraineare sunflower oil, corn, barley, egg powder, soy, natural honey, wheat and rye. According to the analysis, it is established thatUkrainedoes not sufficiently use the potential of foreign trade with countries such asCanada,China,France,Germany,Ireland,Japan,Sweden,Switzerland, theUnited Kingdom, theUnited States, resulting in a shortage of foreign currency.The main areas of improvement of government regulation of foreign economic activity in the agrarian sector are identified: administrative and technical regulation, regulation of markets with their respective components.In order to accelerate the development of the European vector of export of Ukrainian agricultural products, to increase the export-import activity in agriculture at the national and regional levels, it is necessary to implement certain measures: to ensure the priority development of production, having comparative competitive advantages in the world system and modern own production potential; to improve tariff and non-tariff regulation of export-import operations, aimed at protecting the domestic market and domestic producers of agricultural and food products; to introduce quotas for the purchase of certain types of raw materials and food, in accordance with international rules and legislation; to stimulate integration and cooperative ties with foreign partners on the basis of interstate agreements on economic, scientific and technical cooperation, as well as direct links between domestic and foreign enterprises; to promote at the state level the creation of joint ventures, the development of trade and economic relations; expand export of agricultural products and develop export infrastructure.Key words: foreign economic activity, government regulations, export, tariff and non-tariff ways of custom regulation of foreign economics activity ; В статті проведено оцінку сучасного стану регулювання зов- нішньоекономічної діяльності в Україні. Визначено, що інтеграційні процеси в світі стали одним із вагомих чинників, що визначають розви- ток світової економіки. Практичне включення країни в світовий торгі- вельний простір відбувається завдяки економічному співробітництву, ключову роль в якому відіграє зовнішньоекономічна діяльність. В Україні державна зовнішньоекономічна політика здійснюється на основі поєд- нання економічних (митно-тарифних) і адміністративних (нетарифних) методів регулювання ЗЕД. Встановлено, що діяльність агропромисло- вого комплексу країни за рівним розвитку відстає від передових країн світу та ЄС. Основні проблеми цього криються в недостатній конку- рентоспроможності продукції та її невідповідності міжнародним стан- дартам якості й безпеки, домінуванні в структурі експорту продукції з низьким рівнем переробки. Проаналізовано динаміку зовнішньої торгівлі товарами сільського господарства, встановлено, що найбільшу частку в структурі експорту аграрного сектора становить продукція рослин- ництва, основними експортними категоріями є соняшникова олія, кукурудза, ячмінь, соя, натуральний мед, пшениця та жито. В стуркту- рі еспорту тваринницької продукції переважає продукція птахівництва. Обгрунтовано основні сфери та напрями вдосконалення державного регулювання ЗЕД в аграрній сфері.Ключові слова: зовнішньоекономічна діяльність, державне регулювання, експорт, тарифні та нетарифні способи митного регулювання зовнішньоекономічної діяльності