Suchergebnisse

This text examines all facets of corruption: meaning, incidence, monetary value, the kinds of goods exchanged, the perpetrators and their strategies, in China since 1949. It explores the irony of how ideology and organizational structures under socialism can both restrain and encourage corruption

This text examines all facets of corruption: meaning, incidence, monetary value, the kinds of goods exchanged, the perpetrators and their strategies, in China since 1949. It explores the irony of how ideology and organizational structures under socialism can both restrain and encourage corruption.

Elections are the hallmark of democracy. In this article the author critically examines the election of delegates to the Beijing People's Congress in 1993, 1998, and 2003 as a case study of the present stage of electoral reforms in China. The Chinese have moved toward democratic principles in elections, introducing secret ballots and allowing multiple candidates to run for office. However, political elites still select which candidates can and cannot run for office and, to a lesser extent, the outcome of the elections. The Chinese public embraces democracy, but they still harbor traditional values that undermine the realization of democratic ideals. The Beijing elections demonstrate the degree that elections are embedded in Chinese society and the difficulties of electoral reforms. (Asian Aff/GIGA)

The development of migrant children schools in Beijing in the 1990s is used here to illustrate the changing state-society relationship in China. These schools emerged as an attempt by individuals to resolve an educational problem resulting from the retreat of the state in enforcing its population policy and its reluctance to educate children of the floating population gathered in the capital. These individuals used their own resources, and harnessed support from other sectors in the civil society as well as from some government units. Even though the local education departments did not take up the responsibility to educate children with household registrations outside Beijing, they did not give the migrant children schools recognition or support. This report traces the manoeuvres, negotiations and other strategies used by these schools to survive, by the different government units at different levels to contain them, and by others to support them. This struggle illustrates the growing heterogeneity inside government and the increasing strength of civil society in China.