Suchergebnisse

This present study is intended to explore the phenomenon of the practice of functionally converting the irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District. The present study focuses on the process of functionally converting the irrigated rice fields, the ideology leading to the phenomenon, and its implication on the local people. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview and documentary analysis. The data were analyzed using the theory of hegemony, the theory of social practice and some other theories which were used eclectically based on the problems analyzed. The result of the study shows that the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields resulted from the farmers' marginalized socio-cultural structure. The process started from the government's hegemony. The government treated the farmers as the subaltern. Then the dominated farmers got trapped by fatalism and pragmatism. The entrepreneur and government strengthen their hegemony. Then they negotiated with the local government such as the traditional village 'desa pakraman' and the administrative village 'desa dinas' and the land owners as individuals. The farmers were too weak to resist; they failed as they did not have the capital needed for that. Such a condition could not be separated from the capitalistic ideology as the government and entrepreneur collaborated to legitimate the converting process. In addition, the local people were also trapped by the consumptive way of life. As a result, they considered that functionally converting their irrigated rice fields was a proper solution. That affected the infrastructural order. Their infrastructural order changed. Their social structure also shifted from communalism into individualism. Their ideological, legal, governmental, family and religious superstructures changed as well, causing the South Denpasar community to be getting far from the agrarian cultural root which used to be their initial characteristic.

Globalization extraordinarily affects the Senang Hati Foundation. The roles played by the agents of empowerment such as the Non-government OrganizationS and government are enormous. The government should pay attention to every citizen, including those with disabilities as they also need justness, as stated in the Five Principles 'Pancasila' and the 1945 Constitution and the Act Number 4 of 1997 concerning people with disabilities, which was then changed into the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2016 concerning people with disabilities. This present study is intended to identify the empowerment of the people with disabilities at the Gianyar Senang Hati Foundation, Bali. The qualitative method is used. The data were taken from the primary data source and secondary data source. The data were obtained through observation, in-depth interview, and library research. The theory of hegemony, the theory of deconstruction, and the theory of social practice are used in the present study. The result of the study shows as follows. First, the Foundation has four programs which are implemented to empower people with disabilities. They are social program, educational program, health program, and economic program. Second, the obstacles the Foundation faces can be divided into two. They are the internal obstacle and external obstacle. Third, the obstacle affects the existence of the Foundation, its management, its members, the government, donators and society. The finding of the study is that the Foundation has not been able to empower all of its members yet. In addition, the agents of the empowerment of people with disabilities have different interests.

The library is an essential learning resource center for schools. For this reason, every school or madrasa is required to have a library that meets national education standards. Although formal provisions require educational institutions to have a library, many schools do not yet have a library. The development of school libraries, especially elementary schools (SD), is still lacking compared to the middle school, high school, and college libraries, thus giving the impression that SD libraries are marginalized. This study explored the development constraints that led to the marginalization of elementary school libraries in Singaraja, Bali. This research used a qualitative approach in the form of multiple case studies. The data collection techniques were in-depth interviews with appointed informants, total and purposive samples, and snowball sampling. Data analysis in this study followed Peter Berger's model with conceptualization, proof, and objectivation steps. The results indicated that there were several obstacles to the development of elementary school libraries, namely (1) the dadi-dadi dogen ideology adopted by the principal; (2) the teaching and learning process is still teacher-centered; (3) a comprehensive education system; (4) unprofessional librarian; (5) the government is not in favor of the school library management policy; and (6) free school jargon. These findings prove that the general assumption about the constraints on developing school libraries due to limited financial capital is not entirely true. There are other more important factors, namely power relations related to ideology.