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Mobile Ad-hoc networks have been widely researched for many years. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are a collection of two or more devices equipped with wireless communications and networking capability. These devices can communication with other nodes that immediately within their radio range or one that is outside their radio range. The Wireless Ad-hoc Networks do not have gateway, every node can act as the gateway .Mobile ad hoc networks have many advantages over traditional networks, such as scalability, mobility and robust city. The network can be formed easily. It is gained more and more attention in recent years for the using in urgent and abrupt occasion, for example communication in military battlefield, salvage, temporary assembly and open country construction, etc. This paper focuses on the study of Ad-Hoc Network and its protocols.The concept of dynamic mobility is also introduced because nodes are moving from one place to another place, within this network any node can join the network and can leave the network at any time. This paper mainly focused upon the architecture, operating principle of Ad-Hoc networks. The various types of Routing Protocols are also discussed in this Paper; and finally applications, advantages and limitations of Ad-Hoc Networks are also discussed.Keywords: Ad-Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocols, MANET

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- About This Book -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Signature of Active Tectonics and Its Implications Towards Seismic Hazard in Western Part of Stable Peninsular India -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Geological Setting and Study Area -- 1.3 Seismotectonics of the Study Area -- 1.4 Methodology -- 1.4.1 Evaluation of RIAT -- 1.4.2 Soft Sediments Deformation (SSD) Structures -- 1.4.3 Seismic Hazard Assessment Due to Active Fault Segment -- 1.5 Result and Discussions -- 1.5.1 Faults and Lineament Mapping -- 1.5.2 Relative Index of Tectonic Activities -- 1.5.3 Deformation Mechanism -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Stress Dissipation in the North-West Himalaya: What We Learnt from Post-seismic Stress Changes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Stress Drop Estimation: Concept and Methodology -- 2.3 Seismicity and Stress Changes in the NW Himalaya -- 2.3.1 Spatial Distribution of Seismicity -- 2.3.2 Ladakh Karakoram Zone -- 2.3.3 The Kangra Earthquake Zone -- 2.3.4 The Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya -- 2.3.5 The Complex Stress Picture of the NW Himalaya -- 2.4 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 3 The Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Bangladesh and Its Effects on Seismic Hazard -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Background -- 3.3 Seismological Approach for Mapping the Internal Structure Beneath Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Data -- 3.3.2 Surface Wave Dispersion -- 3.3.3 Receiver Function Analysis -- 3.3.4 Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Dispersion and Receiver Function -- 3.4 Seismic Hazard Scenario and the Velocity Structure Beneath Bangladesh -- References -- 4 Seismological Data Quality Controls-A Synthesis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Data Availability -- 4.2.1 Waveforms' Availability and Data Integrity Issues -- 4.2.2 Gaps/Overlaps -- 4.3 Quality of the Time-Series -- 4.3.1 Power Spectral Density -- 4.3.2 Orientation.

Role of active tectonics in the estimation of seismic hazard of an area: A case study of western India -- Stress Scenario In The North-West Himalaya: What We Learnt From Post-Seismic Stress Changes -- The crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Bangladesh and its effects on seismic hazard -- Seismological data quality controls – a synthesis -- Use of Geophysical techniques in Seismic Hazard Assessment and Microzonation -- Earthquake response and its implications towards the structural design codes for Himalayan and adjoining regions of India -- Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI): A Parameter to Assess Liquefaction Hazard -- Earthquake Precursory Studies Using Radon Time Series Data in Taiwan: An Overview -- Spatial prediction of earthquake-induced landslide susceptible zones - A case study from Indian Himalaya -- Tsunamis in the past and recent years over Indian coasts: A review -- Instrumentation of India's First Regional Earthquake Early Warning System and Site Characterization of its Stations -- Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Seismology. .

Introduction/purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the concept of the generalized ∅-weak contractive condition involving various combinations of d(x,y) in modular metric spaces. Methods: Conventional theoretical methods of functional analysis. Results: This study presents the result of (Murthy & Vara Prasad, 2013) for a single-valued mapping satisfying a generalized ∅ -weak contractive condition involving various combinations of d(x,y). It is generalized in the setting of modular metric spaces, and then it is proved that this single-valued map satisfies the property P. In the end, an example is given in support of the result. Conclusion: With proper generalisations, it is possible to formulate well-known results of classical metric spaces to the case of modular metric spaces.

Advances in Sustainable Biomaterials: Bioprocessing 4.0, Characterizations, and Applications presents key chapters on smart biopolymer composites production, and processing methods and provides a wide range of applications in a variety of fields such as medical, food, agriculture, electronics, manufacturing, and chemical engineering.