Suchergebnisse

Social Responsibility is the commitment of corporate houses towards the society. Corporations must take into account, their decision and operations that are going to affect the masses at large. CSR shows the way business achieves ethical and moral standards and gets an equitable distribution of economic, social and natural resources to fulfill the suppositions of their stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility is not only confined towards customers but also towards their employees, suppliers, investors/shareholders and government too as they actually constitute a society surrounded with an interactive environment. This research is mainly focus on holistic view of CSR and recent CSR practices of corporate houses to develop the rural areas through providing basic infrastructural services and also trying to remove regional imbalance caused due to operational loopholes or inability of authorized agencies.

Approximately 20% of the 600 First Nations reserves across Canada are under a drinking water advisory, often due to unacceptable levels of bacteria. In this study, we detected fecal bacteria at an alarmingly high frequency in drinking water sources in a fly-in First Nations community, most notably in buckets/drums of homes without running water where Escherichia coli levels ranged from 20 to 62,000 CFU/100mL. The water leaving the water treatment plant was free of E. coli and its free residual chlorine concentration (0.67 mg/L) was within the range typically observed for treated water in Canada. Water samples from taps in homes served by cisterns, and those sampled from the water truck and community standpipe, always showed unacceptable levels of E. coli (1 to 2,100 CFU/100mL) and free residual chlorine concentrations below the 0.2 mg/L required to prevent bacterial regrowth. Samples from taps in homes served by piped water had lower levels of E. coli (0 to 2 CFU/100mL). DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing demonstrated that piped and cisterns water distribution systems showed an abundance of viable cells of Alphaproteobacteria indicative of biofilm formation in pipes and cisterns. The alpha diversity, based on observed OTUs and three other indices, was lowest in water truck samples that supplied water to the cistern and the low free residual chlorine concentration (0.07 mg/L) and predominance of Betaproteobacteria (63% of viable cells) that were immediately detected after the truck had filled up at the water treatment plant was indicative of contamination by particulate matter. Given these findings, First Nation residents living without running water and relying on inadequate water distribution systems are at higher risk of contracting water-born illnesses. We urge all governments in Canada to expand their investments in supporting and sustaining water as a human right in Canada's First Nations communities. ; Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through its Collaborative Research and Training Experience Program (grant# 432009-2013). We also gratefully thank the First Nation community for on-going collaborations.