Suchergebnisse

Unter Einbeziehung konjunktureller Aspekte geht es um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer von Arbeitslosigkeit und regional unterschiedlichem wirtschaftlichen Potential in Österreich. Die Querschnitts- und Zeitreihenanalyse basiert auf amtlicher Arbeitsmarktstatistik über die Arbeitslosigkeit von Männern von 1975 bis 1984. Die Entwicklungsmuster der vier differenzierten Gebietstypen: industrielle Zentren, neu industrialisierte Agrargebiete, spezialisierte Industriezonen und alte Industriegebiete zeigen hinsichtlich der konjunkturellen Veränderung unterschiedliches Anpassungspotential, was sich in der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit niederschlägt. Am wenigsten reagibel, aber auch unempfindlicher gegen kurzfristige Schwankungen sind die alten Industriegebiete. In der weiteren Forschung soll der Faktor der Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit mit einbezogen werden. (HD)

The uneven geographical distribution of economic activities is a huge challenge worldwide and also for the European Union. In Krugman's New Economic Geography economic systems have a simple spatial structure. This book shows that more sophisticated models should visualise the EU as an evolving trade network with a specific topology and different aggregation levels. At the highest level, economic geography models give a bird eye's view of spatial dynamics. At a medium level, institutions shape the economy and the structure of (financial and labour) markets. At the lowest level, individual decisions interact with the economic, social and institutional environment; the focus is on firms' decision on location and innovation. Such multilevel models exhibit complex dynamic patterns - path dependence, cumulative causation, hysteresis - on a network structure; and specific analytic tools are necessary for studying strategic interaction, heterogeneity and nonlinearities

This paper provides a non-technical overview of NEG models dealing with policy issues. Considered policy measures include alternative categories of public expenditure, international tax competition, unilateral actions of protection/liberalisation, and trade agreements. The implications of public intervention in two-region NEG models are discussed by unfolding the impact of policy measures on agglomeration/dispersion forces. Results are described in contrast with those obtained in standard non-NEG theoretical models. The high degree of abstraction limits the applicability of NEG models to real world policy issues. We discuss in some detail two extensions of NEG models to reduce this applicability gap: the cases of multi-regional frameworks and firm heterogeneity.