Suchergebnisse

Hunderttausende Deutsche verließen im 18. Jahrhundert ihre Heimat. Insbesondere aus dem deutschen Südwesten zog ein großer Teil der Auswanderer in das historische Ungarn. Es waren begehrte Siedler, die den dünn besiedelten, zuvor von den Türken eroberten Raum besiedeln sollten. Die Zeit war günstig: Die Agrarkonjunktur erlebte ab dem zweiten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts einen Aufschwung. Neben den Habsburgern waren es ungarische Magnaten, die deutsche Siedler in ihren Grundherrschaften erfolgreich ansiedelten. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die Herrschaft Bóly bei Fünfkirchen (Pécs). Was für Motive hatten die Grafen und Fürsten von Batthyány, Deutsche zu werben, zu welchen Bedingungen erfolgte die Ansiedlung? Doch daneben wird auch nach den Lebensformen der Ansiedler gefragt, es werden Familien- und Frauenschicksale vorgestellt. Schließlich geht es um Konsolidierungskonflikte und das Spannungsfeld zwischen Grundherren und Untertanen. Dabei scheut es der Autor nicht, einige in der Literatur gepflegte Stereotypen der Auswanderung nach Ungarn in Frage zu stellen. Ein umfangreicher Anhang von bislang fast durchweg unveröffentlichten Quellen ergänzt die Ausführungen.

AbstractAge‐heaping‐based numeracy indicators have served as valuable tools to derive basic human capital estimates, especially for periods where other indicators are unavailable. However, the accuracy of individual age statements usually remains unknown, and due to the lack of precise information it can only be assumed that excessive occurrence of multiples of five in age distributions reflects inferior numerical skills. This article addresses this lacuna by identifying 162 individuals in two independent data sources: self‐reported age statements and independently kept records which are based on family heritage books and church registers. This method makes it possible to identify individual misreporting and the degree of accuracy of each individual. Findings show that not everyone who reported a multiple of five was reporting an incorrect age, nor was it the case that everyone who reported an age that was not a multiple of five was reporting an accurate age. The empirical analysis shows that the commonly used binary numeracy indicator is correlated with the observed degree of accuracy in age statements, and that a more sophisticated occupational background reduces this inaccuracy. These results tentatively suggest that the commonly used binary indicator measuring age heaping is a valuable proxy for numerical skills and occupational background in a population.

AbstractPrior to the 'Age of Mass Migration', Germans left central Europe to settle primarily in modern‐day Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, and Russia. Despite the harsh conditions that the first generation of settlers had to endure, their descendants often fared better, rather than worse, compared to native population groups. This study offers a possible explanation for this surprising outcome. It makes use of data on approximately 11 500 individuals to estimate and compare the basic numeracy scores of German settlers and other population groups in target regions. The findings show that German settlers generally had superior basic numeracy levels, which suggests that these settlers must have contributed positively to the human capital endowment in their target regions. The numeracy of Germans was somewhat higher than the numeracy of Hungarians and substantially higher than that of Russians, Ukrainians, and Serbs. No noteworthy differences are found in terms of numeracy between German emigrants and the population they left behind, which suggests the absence of substantial migrant selection.