Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the actions of the Polish sanitary service in Lwów during the urban fighting that took place in the city between 1–22 November 1918. Scholarly attention concerning the conflict has so far been focused on issues such as the combat activities of both the Polish and Ukrainian forces, diplomatic efforts and the ongoing international dispute over Eastern Galicia, national and religious factors, and the committing of war crimes. Meanwhile, little interest has been shown regarding the important role played during the conflict of the sanitary service of the Polish Army, who provided aid to the wounded and thus also influenced the morale of the combatants.

The article is devoted to Oleksandr Kozyr-Zirka, one of the most famous atamans of the period of the Ukrainian national revolution 1917–1921. In November 1918, he joined the uprising against Hetman Paweł Skoropadski. After the overthrow of the Hetmanate, he became famous mainly for the robberies in the rear of Ukrainian Army and the pogroms in Owrucz at the turn of 1918 and 1919. His fate inspired Mikhail Bulgakov to create the character of the bloody ataman Kozyr-Lashka, one of the side characters of the novel "The White Guard".

The subject of the article is the battle route of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in the last year of the Polish-Soviet war. This formation was the strongest and most numerous in the Ukrainian armed forces in 1920. It was commanded by Oleksandr Udovychenko, a famous and very talented officer. It should be noted that the 3rd Iron Rifle Division was initially formed at the Polish Army as the 2nd Rifle Division, but due to the presence of many veterans of the 3rd Iron Division of 1919 in its ranks, which was also commanded by Udovychenko, it was decided to rename the formation. The 3rd Iron Rifle Division took an active part in the Kiev expedition in the spring of 1920. It fought on the southern section of the front in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi area. Later, in the summer of 1920, it took part in the defense of Eastern Galicia against the Red Army. It succeeded in several fights against the Bolsheviks there, among others at Sydoriv and Horodenka. Then it participated in further combat activities in Podolia. After 18 October 1920, the Ukrainian People's Republic Army had to continue fighting on its own due to the signing of a ceasefire between Poland and Soviet Russia. The warfare conducted until the second half of November 1920 ended in defeat for the Ukrainians, whose armed forces withdrew to the Polish territory, where they were interned. In this group there were also soldiers of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division.